Late <scp>H</scp>olocene Sea Level Reconstructions Based on Observations of <scp>R</scp>oman Fish Tanks, <scp>T</scp>yrrhenian Coast of <scp>I</scp>taly

Evelpidou, Νiki; Pirazzoli, Paolo A.; Vassilopoulos, Andreas; Spada, Giorgio; Ruggieri, Gabriella; Tomasin, Alberto

doi:10.1002/gea.21387

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Morhange et al (2013) use Roman fish tanks in combination with biological markers to state a relative rise in sea level of 40 ± 10 cm since those days for the region of Fr ejus, southeastern France. Similar work is published, e.g., by Evelpidou et al (2012) for the Tyrrhenian Coast of Italy, by Mourtzas (2012) for the Greek island of Crete, and by Florido et al (2011) for the Istrian and Dalmatian coast, Italy and Croatia. Ship sheds in contrast to fish tanks cannot bear direct witness of former sea level because they have been built above the marine sphere but in close vicinity to it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

The environs of Elaia's ancient open harbour – a reconstruction based on microfaunal evidence

Pint

Seeliger

Frenzel

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

The environs of Elaia's ancient open harbour – a reconstruction based on microfaunal evidence

Pint

Seeliger

Frenzel

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…This is usually carried out by dating, measuring their elevation relative to the present sea-level, defining their function and determining their potential use as sea-level markers (Flemming 1969;Blackman 1973;Galili et al 1988Galili et al , 2005Galili & Sharvit 1998;Sivan et al 2001Sivan et al , 2004Lambeck et al 2004;Antonioli et al 2006;Auriemma & Solinas 2009;Anzidei et al 2011;Evelpidou et al 2012;Stanley & Bernasconi 2012). In addition to the original observations made on archaeological features during this study and presented in this work, we also reevaluated previous studies that dealt with such indicators along the coasts of Cyprus (e.g.…”

Section: Archaeological Features As Sea-level Markersmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…It is assumed that the bottom of these pools must have been at a certain depth underwater to enable functioning, and that the feeding channels and sluice gates were not to be washed by the sea. Several studies have already interpreted past sea-level conditions on the basis of rock-cut coastal fish tanks (Dreghorn 1981;Auriemma & Solinas 2009;Evelpidou et al 2012). The lower the fish-tank entrance is, the more seawater it gets, but then it is exposed to flushing: and, vice versa, the higher the entrance to the fish tank, the less seawater it gets, but it is safer.…”

Section: Archaeological Features As Sea-level Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary beach deposits and archaeological relicts on the coasts of Cyprus, and the possible implications of sea-level changes and tectonics on the early populations

Galili

Şevketoğlu

Salamon

et al. 2015

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Late Pleistocene beach deposits in 22 selected sites around Cyprus demonstrate the vertical changes in the Earth's crust in that island over the last 125 ka. The beach/shallow-marine deposits were observed on the abraded coastal cliffs at 3-22 m above the present sea-level. They overlie Pliocene marls, and some of them contain the Senegalese marine gastropods Persististrombus latus, Bursa granularis and Conus ermineus that no longer live in the Mediterranean. These are index fossils for the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e in the Mediterranean and, as such, suggest an uplift of up to 15.5 m over about the last 125 ka: that is a maximal rate of 0.12 mm a 21 . These findings are in accordance with Holocene beachrocks, abrasion platforms, wave notches and Roman/ Byzantine fish tanks that retained their elevations, and thus enable the reconstruction of the coast encountered by the early colonizers. While the maximal uplift since the early Holocene has been minor and did not exceed 1.2-1.5 m, the sea-level changes have reached 40-50 m. The transition between the impermeable Pliocene marls and the porous Late Pleistocene deposits above them is the origin of freshwater springs and associated vegetation. The early colonizers seemed to recognize the potential of that essential permanent source of water and excavated wells, the earliest wells known so far. The locations of the Early Neolithic settlements (Mylouthkia and Akanthou) adjacent to visible water springs along the coastal cliffs may not be incidental. Not surprisingly, recent wells dug in the coastal Pleistocene deposits rely on the very same hydrological setting.Supplementary material: Appendices 1 -4, which include tables and diagrams showing the vertical changes (m) and rates of vertical changes (mm ka 21 ), assuming that MIS5e isotope stage deposits are 122 ka old and are at elevation of 7.2 m asl, or 116 ka at 6.5 m, are available at

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“…The lack of any extended foundation was documented by core ELA 41 ( Figure 4A, 5A) and by nine sediment cores that explored the sedimentary context of the underwater structures ( Figure 2B). An interpretation as piscinae-artificial fish ponds-is also improbable as those installations are by far smaller, of another layout and a different building technique than the wall structures in the Bay of Elaia (Higginbotham, 1997;Grüner, 2006;Evelpidou et al, 2012;Morhange et al, 2013). We conclude that a utilisation as harbour infrastructures, shipyards, breakwaters or other solid structures can be excluded.…”

Section: What Was the Function Of The Underwater Structures?mentioning

confidence: 85%

The Purpose and Age of Underwater Walls in the Bay of Elaia of Western Turkey: A Multidisciplinary Approach

et al. 2014

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Pergamum (modern: Bergama) was operating an important harbour used by military forces and merchants at the city of Elaia during Hellenistic and Roman Imperial times. Harbour‐related facilities such as warehouses, breakwaters and wharfs document the importance of this harbour site not only for the Pergamenians. This paper focuses on the purpose and age of six submerged wall structures situated approximately 1 km south of the ancient closed harbour basin of Elaia. Geoelectric cross‐sections and semi‐aquatic coring near these walls failed to detect any solid basement under the walls which excludes their possible use as breakwaters or wharfs. Instead, the walls were most likely delineating and separating evaporation ponds of salt works, which compares well with similar structures from other periods and places around the Mediterranean. Combined OSL and 14C‐dating determined the construction age of the installation between the 4th and 6th centuries A.D. Subsequent (re‐)uses are likely and are in agreement with findings from archaeological surveys.

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Late Holocene Sea Level Reconstructions Based on Observations of Roman Fish Tanks, Tyrrhenian Coast of Italy

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 53 publications

References 19 publications

The environs of Elaia's ancient open harbour – a reconstruction based on microfaunal evidence

The environs of Elaia's ancient open harbour – a reconstruction based on microfaunal evidence

Late Quaternary beach deposits and archaeological relicts on the coasts of Cyprus, and the possible implications of sea-level changes and tectonics on the early populations

The Purpose and Age of Underwater Walls in the Bay of Elaia of Western Turkey: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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