Late Complications of Acute Pancreatitis: A Surgical Approach

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis, a severe inflammatory pancreas disorder, often leads to significant morbidity and mortality due to its late complications, including fluid collections, pseudocysts, necrosis, obstruction, fistulation, and abdominal compartment syndrome. Despite its rising incidence and associated healthcare costs, the surgical management of these complications remains a clinical challenge due to the complex nature of the disease and patient comorbidities. Current literature provides an understanding of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and standard management of these complications. However, there's a need to focus on the surgical approach to address these complications more effectively. This article reviewed these late complications and discussed their clinical presentation and diagnostic methods, emphasizing surgical management and prognosis. The primary goal of the review was to provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of the surgical management of these complications, thereby improving patient outcomes. Our analytical methods involved a thorough review of current literature, including clinical studies, reviews, and case reports. The review revealed that surgical intervention plays a pivotal role in managing severe or complicated cases. However, the surgical technique choice depends on the complication's type and severity, the patient's overall condition, and the surgeon's expertise. Further research is recommended to develop standardized protocols for the surgical management of these complications.