2004
DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0109s27
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Abstract: Lasers are the principle light sources of flow cytometers. Most modern benchtop instruments feature air-cooled argon-ion laser emitting 10-25 mW of light at 488 nm. This unit covers the various types of lasers available and the qualities that make them suitable or unsuitable for use in flow cytometers. Also included is a discussion of future directions, particularly in the development of solid-state devices that might replace gas lasers.

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Cited by 4 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…Our protocol can discriminate prokaryotic cells based on excitation and emission of a high quantum yield fluorescent DNA stain (SYTOX-green) detected by a PTM tube, which can detect individual photons at low-light levels (weak signals) (Steen, 1986, 1992, 2000; Hadfield, 2009). In contrast, photodiode detectors gather average light and detect high-light levels (strong signals) (Wood, 1997, 1998; Shapiro, 2004). In addition to detector types, particle scattering can be increased by reducing flow velocity; the slower the cells move through the focus the more scattered light they emit and can be detected (Steen, 2000).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our protocol can discriminate prokaryotic cells based on excitation and emission of a high quantum yield fluorescent DNA stain (SYTOX-green) detected by a PTM tube, which can detect individual photons at low-light levels (weak signals) (Steen, 1986, 1992, 2000; Hadfield, 2009). In contrast, photodiode detectors gather average light and detect high-light levels (strong signals) (Wood, 1997, 1998; Shapiro, 2004). In addition to detector types, particle scattering can be increased by reducing flow velocity; the slower the cells move through the focus the more scattered light they emit and can be detected (Steen, 2000).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Modern instruments capable of highdimensional analysis (10 or more simultaneous fluorochromes) are typically equipped with solid-state lasers emitting at 488 nm (cyan), 633-640 nm (red), 532 or 561 nm (green or yellow), and 405 nm (violet). These four wavelengths allow excitation of fluorescein, phycoerythrin and its tandem dyes (488 and 532/561 nm), allophycocyanin and its tandems (633-640 nm), and the Brilliant Violet (BV) series of polymer dyes (405 nm) (3). In particular, the addition of violet laser diodes and the availability of the BV dye series have allowed a dramatic expansion of detection capability, allowing the simultaneous analysis of up to 16 fluorescent probes (4,5).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%