Laser-aided additive manufacturing of high entropy alloys: Processes, properties, and emerging applications

Arif, Zia Ullah; Khalid, Muhammad Yasir; Rehman, Ehtsham ur

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.04.014

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 295 publications

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“…[268] PBF involves fusing or melting the powder particles together using a laser beam and is further classified into selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM). [269,270] In SLS, the high laser beam is bombarded onto the powder bed through a predetermined pathway and is melted partially. [271] However, in SLM powder particles are melted completely by the striking beam.…”

Section: Powder-based Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Tariq,

Arif,

Khalid

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors, self‐expanding structures, and biomedical devices, thanks to their ability to change their shapes and functional properties in response to external stimuli including light, humidity, heat, pH, electric field, solvent, and magnetic field or combinations of two or more of these stimuli. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) aka three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology of these SRPs, also known as four‐dimensional (4D) printing, has gained phenomenal attention in different engineering fields, thanks to its unique ability to develop complex, personalized, and innovative structures, which undergo twisting, elongating, swelling, rolling, shrinking, bending, spiraling, and other complex morphological transformations. Herein, an effort has been made to provide insightful information about the AM techniques, type of SRPs, and their applications including, but not limited to tissue engineering, soft robots, bionics, actuators, sensors, construction, and smart textiles. This article also incorporates the current challenges and prospects, hoping to provide an insightful basis for the utilization of this technology in different engineering fields. It is expected that the amalgamation of 3D printing with SRPs would provide unparalleled advantages in different engineering arenas.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Powder-based Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Tariq,

Arif,

Khalid

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In this review, the focus is placed on metal matrix composite coatings and functionally graded material deposition, given their industrial relevance and suitability for wear-resistant coating applications. Nonetheless, the reader is referred to previous studies for comprehensive literature reviews on alloy design using L-DED [ 59 , 95 ] and the production of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) [ 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Of Multi-materials Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Developments to Manufacture Metal Matrix Composites and Functionally Graded Materials through AM: A State-of-the-Art Review

et al. 2023

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Multi-material structure fabrication has the potential to address some critical challenges in today’s industrial paradigm. While conventional manufacturing processes cannot deliver multi-material structures in a single operation, additive manufacturing (AM) has come up as an appealing alternative. In particular, laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) is preferred for multi-material AM. The most relevant applications envisioned for multi-material LDED are alloy design, metal matrix composites (MMC), and functionally graded materials (FGM). Nonetheless, there are still some issues that need to be faced before multi-material L-DED is ready for industrial use. Driven by this need, in this literature review, the suitability of L-DED for multi-material component fabrication is first demonstrated. Then, the main defects associated with multi-material LDED and current opportunities and challenges in the field are reported. In view of the industrial relevance of high-performance coatings as tools to mitigate wear, emphasis is placed on the development of MMCs and FGMs. The identified challenges include—but are not limited to—tightly controlling the composition of the multi-material powder mixture injected into the melt pool; understanding the influence of the thermal history of the process on microstructural aspects, including the interactions between constituents; and studying the in-service behaviours of MMCs and FGMs with regard to their durability and failure modes.

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“…The use of AM technologies to produce HEAs has gained increasing attention in recent years. Various review papers have been published on this topic, focusing on the corrosion performance, powder manufacturing, specific HEA compositions, specific AM technologies and typical microstructures of HEAs produced using AM [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. It is well known that optimizing the processing parameters can improve the mechanical properties of AM-produced HEAs, including refining the microstructure and enhancing properties through post-processing heat treatment [ 11 ].…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing (Am) Technologies Of High Entropy All...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing Technologies of High Entropy Alloys (HEA): Review and Prospects

2023

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have gained considerable attention in recent years as an innovative method to produce high entropy alloy (HEA) components. The unique and excellent mechanical and environmental properties of HEAs can be used in various demanding applications, such as the aerospace and automotive industries. This review paper aims to inspect the status and prospects of research and development related to the production of HEAs by AM technologies. Several AM processes can be used to fabricate HEA components, mainly powder bed fusion (PBF), direct energy deposition (DED), material extrusion (ME), and binder jetting (BJ). PBF technologies, such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM), have been widely used to produce HEA components with good dimensional accuracy and surface finish. DED techniques, such as blown powder deposition (BPD) and wire arc AM (WAAM), that have high deposition rates can be used to produce large, custom-made parts with relatively reduced surface finish quality. BJ and ME techniques can be used to produce green bodies that require subsequent sintering to obtain adequate density. The use of AM to produce HEA components provides the ability to make complex shapes and create composite materials with reinforced particles. However, the microstructure and mechanical properties of AM-produced HEAs can be significantly affected by the processing parameters and post-processing heat treatment, but overall, AM technology appears to be a promising approach for producing advanced HEA components with unique properties. This paper reviews the various technologies and associated aspects of AM for HEAs. The concluding remarks highlight the critical effect of the printing parameters in relation to the complex synthesis mechanism of HEA elements that is required to obtain adequate properties. In addition, the importance of using feedstock material in the form of mix elemental powder or wires rather than pre-alloyed substance is also emphasized in order that HEA components can be produced by AM processes at an affordable cost.

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Laser-aided additive manufacturing of high entropy alloys: Processes, properties, and emerging applications

Cited by 61 publications

References 295 publications

Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Latest Developments to Manufacture Metal Matrix Composites and Functionally Graded Materials through AM: A State-of-the-Art Review

Additive Manufacturing Technologies of High Entropy Alloys (HEA): Review and Prospects

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