Las mujeres sin hogar: realidades ocultas de la exclusión residencial

Abstract

El propósito de este artículo es aportar conocimiento sobre la exclusión residencial de las mujeres sin hogar. La exclusión social se produce a partir de procesos o trayectorias de vida en las que las personas se van desvinculando progresivamente de las instituciones sociales que garantizan la integración en nuestra sociedad. En el caso de las mujeres, dichos procesos se vinculan a las desigualdades sociales de género y transcurren de forma invisible a lo largo de sus trayectorias vitales. Para comprenderlos se hace necesario identificar los factores desencadenantes y protectores que inciden en la exclusión residencial femenina y reflexionar sobre ellos en clave de género. El presente artículo aborda esta materia a partir de los resultados derivados de una investigación realizada en la Universidad de Barcelona (2016-2018). Los principales factores desencadenantes de la exclusión residencial femenina son una mayor vulnerabilidad a cambios estructurales en su entorno que limiten su independencia económica y la sucesión de diversas formas de violencia en sus trayectorias vitales. Destacan como factores protectores, las estrategias vinculadas a las redes de soporte social y al acompañamiento social realizado por los trabajadores sociales. Se concluye el artículo aportando algunas propuestas desde la perspectiva de género y bajo un prisma integral y comunitario que tenga como objetivo la consecución de una ciudadanía inclusiva.

Intimate partner sexual violence and violent victimisation among women living homeless in Madrid (Spain)

“…Rasines &Gámez-Ramos, 2013;Herrero, 2003;Matulic-Domandzic et al, 2019;Vet et al, 2019) to draw up specific strategies according to their circumstances(Tinland et al, 2018).The findings of the present work can serve to make visible this problem, sexual violence in homeless women, on which there are not many previous studies, showing that this could be one of the triggers of the situation of female homelessness and health problems and their state of deterioration. For this reason, public policies must carry out an exhaustive examination not only regarding providing safe accommodation that favours women separating from their abusers, but also intervening in overcoming the traumas and adverse situations that seem to have aggravated their deterioration and that keeps them in a situation of dependence on the situation of homelessness and their partners.…”

“…Madrid contributes to making visible the greater vulnerability presented from a gender perspective (Fernández-Rasines & Gámez-Ramos, 2013;Herrero, 2003;Matulic-Domandzic et al, 2019;Vet et al, 2019) to draw up specific strategies according to their circumstances (Tinland et al, 2018).…”

“…However, the study adds relevant information on a group with difficult access and shows a complex problem, including the relationship between sexual violence by the partner and violence throughout the lifetimes of women in a situation of homelessness. Madrid contributes to making visible the greater vulnerability presented from a gender perspective (Fernández‐Rasines & Gámez‐Ramos, 2013; Herrero, 2003; Matulic‐Domandzic et al, 2019; Vet et al, 2019) to draw up specific strategies according to their circumstances (Tinland et al, 2018).…”

“…People living homeless throughout the world are one of the most extreme manifestations of the global phenomenon of poverty and social exclusion (Panadero et al, 2015;Vázquez, Suarez, et al, 2019). There are complex factors that contribute to the phenomenon of homelessness, both individually and socially (Busch-Geertsema et al, 2010;Esen, 2017;Fazel et al, 2014;Vázquez et al, 2018) and these are the responses to a range of life experiences and processes (Matulic-Domandzic et al, 2019). Of those living homeless, women are, in certain aspects, especially vulnerable (Rodríguez-Moreno, Roca, et al, 2020;, with a particularly high risk of suffering violent victimisation (Vet et al, 2019).…”

“…Unfortunately, women have been invisible in both popular and academic portrayals of homelessness (Rodriguez‐Moreno, Roca, et al, 2020). In the view of Matulic‐Domandzic et al (2019), certain forms of exclusion associated with the specific characteristics of women tend to remain hidden or linked to the private sphere. The reality for people living homeless is complex and multicausal and, according to Herrero (2003), the family environment of women in this situation and violence suffered at the hands of their partners lead to particular vulnerability.…”