Larval parasitism of the autumnal moth reduces feeding intensity on the mountain birch

Ammunét, Tea; Klemola, Netta; Heisswolf, Annette; Klemola, Tero

doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1240-6

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A potential explanation for this paradox is a decrease in the herbivore-feeding performance (25,26) across the latitudinal gradient attributable to higher parasitism rates. Previous attempts to find latitudinal gradients in herbivore parasitism have met with mixed results (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator

Salazar

Marquis

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

111

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Increases in species diversity and density from higher to lower latitudes are well documented. Nevertheless, the consequences of these changes in diversity for structuring ecological communities and influencing biotic evolution are largely unknown. It is widely believed that this increase in species diversity is associated with increased intensity of ecological interactions closer to the equator. For plant-herbivore interactions in particular, the predictions are that, at lower latitudes, plants will be attacked by more individual herbivores, more herbivore species, and more specialized herbivores and, therefore, will suffer greater damage. We used a large-scale latitudinal transect from Mexico to Bolivia to quantify changes in leaf damage, diversity, and abundance of lepidopteran larvae on two widely distributed host species of the genus Piper (Piperaceae). We show that both density and species richness of herbivores were highest at the equator and decreased with increasing latitude, both northward and southward. Contrary to expectation, however, this increase in herbivore diversity was attributable to the addition of generalist not specialist species. Finally, and again contrary to expectation, the increase in herbivore density with decreasing latitude did not produce a corresponding damage gradient. We propose that the lack of a latitudinal concordance between increases in herbivore density and diversity with decreasing latitude, and the resulting herbivore damage, supports the hypothesis of better plant antiherbivore defenses at lower latitudes. Furthermore, the changes in the relative abundance of generalist vs. specialist species suggest that the nature of the selective pressure is intrinsically different between higher and lower latitudes.herbivory | latitudinal gradient | Lepidoptera

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator

Salazar

Marquis

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

111

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“…On the other hand, when HIPVs have a repellent property, the host plant avoids further grazing, which is a type of direct induced-defense system via plant volatiles. Furthermore, included in an indirect-defense system, HIPVs attract natural enemies of the pests and indirectly limit grazing damage (Shimoda et al 2002;Ammunét et al 2009;Klemola et al 2012;McCormick et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone disrupts the communication between plants and insects in urban and suburban areas: an updated insight on plant volatiles

et al. 2021

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Plant–insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation. To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green infrastructure. The role of ground-level ozone (O3) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is presented. Ozone mixing ratios in suburbs are usually higher than in the center of cities and may reduce photosynthetic productivity at a relatively higher degree. Consequently, carbon-based defense capacities of plants may be suppressed by elevated O3 more in the suburbs. However, contrary to this expectation, grazing damages by leaf beetles have been severe in some urban centers in comparison with the suburbs. To explain differences in grazing damages between urban areas and suburbs, the disruption of atmospheric communication signals by elevated O3 via changes in plant-regulated biogenic volatile organic compounds and long-chain fatty acids are considered. The ecological roles of plant volatiles and the effects of O3 from both a chemical and a biological perspective are presented. Ozone-disrupted plant volatiles should be considered to explain herbivory phenomena in urban and suburban systems.

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“…In the process of regulating the host suitability, parasitoids may alter the host preference for a food source (Smilanich et al., ), regulate the process of food intake and utilization (Huang et al., ; Ammunét et al., ), nutrient allocation (Falabella et al., ; Rahbé et al., ), and/or control the host metabolism (Salvador and Cônsoli, ). These alterations are usually accompanied by other changes in the physiology of the host, particularly those under hormonal control, such as growth and metamorphosis (Harvey et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE PARASITOID, Cotesia flavipes (CAMERON) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), INFLUENCES FOOD CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION BY LARVAL Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)

Rossi

Salvador²,

Cônsoli³

2014

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Parasitoids exploit host insects for food and other resources; they alter host development and physiology to optimize conditions to favor parasitoid development. Parasitoids influence their hosts by injecting eggs, along with a variety of substances, including venoms, polydnaviruses, ovarian fluids, and other maternal factors, into hosts. These factors induce profound changes in hosts, such as behavior, metabolism, endocrine events, and immune defense. Because endoparasitoids develop and consume tissues from within their hosts, it is reasonable to suggest that internal parasitization would also influence host food consumption and metabolism. We report on the effects of parasitism by Cotesia flavipes on the food consumption and utilization of its host, Diatraea saccharalis. Cotesia flavipes reduces the host food consumption, but parasitized larvae considered a unit with their parasitoid's attained the same final weight as the nonparasitized larvae. Nutritional indices, midgut activities of carbohydrases, and trypsin of parasitized and nonparasitized D. saccharalis were assessed. Parasitized larvae had reduced relative food consumption, metabolic and growth rates, coupled with higher efficiency for conversion of the digested, but not ingested, food into body mass. Parasitism also affected food flux through the gut and protein contents in the midgut of parasitized larvae. The activity of α-amylase and trehalase in parasitized host was enhanced in the first day after parasitism relative to control larvae. Saccharase activity remained unchanged during larval development. Trypsin activity was reduced from the fifth to ninth day after parasitism. We argue on the mechanisms involved in host food processing after parasitism.

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Larval parasitism of the autumnal moth reduces feeding intensity on the mountain birch

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator

Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator

Ozone disrupts the communication between plants and insects in urban and suburban areas: an updated insight on plant volatiles

THE PARASITOID, Cotesia flavipes (CAMERON) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), INFLUENCES FOOD CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION BY LARVAL Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)

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