Large-scale distributed Internet-based discovery mechanism for dynamic spectrum allocation

Abstract

Scarcity of frequencies and the demand for more bandwidth is likely to increase the need for devices that utilize the available frequencies more efficiently. Radios must be able to dynamically find other users of the frequency bands and adapt so that they are not interfered, even if they use different radio protocols. As transmitters far away may cause as much interference as a transmitter located nearby, this mechanism can not be based on location alone. Central databases can be used for this purpose, but require expensive infrastructure and planning to scale. In this paper, we propose a decentralized protocol and architecture for discovering radio devices over the Internet. The protocol has low resource requirements, making it suitable for implementation on limited platforms. We evaluate the protocol through simulation in network topologies with up to 2.3 million nodes, including topologies generated from population patterns in Norway. The protocol has also been implemented as proof-ofconcept in real Wi-Fi routers.

Kadupul

“…This requires an initial discovery step where the sender finds potential forwarders that together can forward information from the sender to the receiver. Potential forwarders can for example be discovered based on their location and local communication range, using a decentralized, Internet-based P2P network, such as proposed in for example [15] or [11]. Using the protocol proposed in [15], the sender can search for other nodes that are able to transmit to nodes in a given geographical region.…”

Kadupul: Livin' on the Edge with Virtual Currencies and Time-Locked Puzzles

“…This requires an initial discovery step where the sender finds potential forwarders that together can forward information from the sender to the receiver. Potential forwarders can for example be discovered based on their location and local communication range, using a decentralized, Internet-based P2P network, such as proposed in for example [17] or [13]. When a good forwarder is found, the sender contacts the node directly over the Internet and starts a negotiation process.…”

Distributed Discovery Clients for Spectrum Allocation

“…In [2], the P2P protocol for discovering radio devices was first published in detail. The objective of the protocol is to discover radio devices that are operating on the same frequencies in overlapping geographical areas.…”

“…Since these are not standardized for all type of radios and require different radio protocols, we propose to use the back haul network or the Internet for control channels since this is available to most access points, hubs, base stations etc. We have previously proposed a decentralized DSA architecture and P2P protocol [2]. In this paper, we argue that decentralized DSA improves the radio capacity for IoT and M2M communication in the open spectrum.…”

“…An alternative is a more organic method based on voluntary participation in peer to peer(P2P) networks. In [2] a Discovery system architecture is described which enable radio nodes to be discovered using a distributed P2P agent network communicating over the back-haul network. This system is based upon that all the nodes know their own position.…”