“…where F z represents an axial force, F x and F y are shear forces, M x and M y are bending moments with respect to the x-and y-axis, respectively, and M z is a torsion moment [9]. According to Hookes law, the incremental stress-strain relations can be defined as z = Ee zz , zx = Ge zx , zy = Ge zy (12) where E and G are the elastic and shear moduli, respectively.…”