Laparoscopic Management of a Hydatid Cyst of the Adrenal Gland

Abstract

Hydatid disease is endemic in parts of India, yet genitourinary involvement is rare. Laparoscopic management of such cases is uncommonly reported. We present a case of an adrenal hydatid and its management by laparoscopic aspiration, instillation of scolicidal solution, and partial excision of the cyst.

Genitourinary Hydatid Disease: A Review

“…Genitourinary tract infestation is rare and kidneys are the most commonly affected, constituting for 1-5% of all cases [10,12,13]. Genitourinary hydatid (GUH) patients are usually asymptomatic on rupture of the cyst and are diagnosed many years later until being evaluated for other symptoms [7,14]. Adrenal gland is involved in less than 1% cases.…”

“…Bladder, prostate and even testis have been reported as sites for HD. [7] Hydatid cysts (HC) in the peritoneal cavity or pelvis are usually a result of spontaneous rupture from a primary liver focus or following surgical inoculation [10,20]. Pelvic and retrovesical locations are considered primary if no other site is affected [6,10,12,21].…”

“…We would like to end by saying that very few countries are considered to be completely free of E. granulosus, by virtue of change in occupational practices, nomadic migration of shepherds and their herds and various other incidental factors endemicity of the disease varies, there always will be emergence and re-emergence of the disease in certain countries with its ability to spread Echinococcosis is an infection caused by the larval stage of a cestode (tapeworm) called Echinococcus [4,5]. There are 3 speciesEchinococcus granulosus is the most common type world over, followed by E. multilocularis, E. oligartus and E. vogeli, the latter being popularly known as human polycystic hydatid disease [4][5][6][7].…”

“…Carnivores such as dogs, wolves, and foxes are the definitive hosts [4,7,[29][30][31]. Adult worms mature in the small intestine of these definitive hosts and shed their proglottids in feces [7]. Eggs are passed and deposited within the dogs' feces [3,7,10].…”

“…The adult tapeworm resides in the dogs' small intestine, attached to the villi of ileum [4]. Carnivores such as dogs, wolves, and foxes are the definitive hosts [4,7,[29][30][31]. Adult worms mature in the small intestine of these definitive hosts and shed their proglottids in feces [7].…”