Langerhans Cells, T Cells, and B Cells in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Leukoplakia

Dafar, Amal; Siarov, Angelica; Mostaghimi, Yasaman; Robledo‐Sierra, Jairo; Lara, Shahin De; Giglio, Daniel; Kjeller, Göran; Braz‐Silva, Paulo Henrique; Öhman, Jenny; Hasséus, Bengt

doi:10.1155/2022/5430309

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Furthermore, OLP liquefaction degeneration is an EMT result primarily induced by IFN-γ, which can improve the malignant transition ( 34 ). The current studies also illustrated that the submucosal infiltration of T and B lymphocytes is more distinct in OLP than in OLK, and the immunological response is also stronger in OLP ( 35 ).…”

Section: Type-2 Emt In Oral Mucosasupporting

confidence: 58%

Type-2 epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral mucosal nonneoplastic diseases

Meng

Yang²,

Liu³

2022

Front. Immunol.

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The oral mucosa is a membranous structure comprising epithelial and connective tissue that covers the oral cavity. The oral mucosa is the first immune barrier to protect the body against pathogens for systemic protection. It is frequently exposed to mechanical abrasion, chemical erosion, and pathogenic invasion, resulting in oral mucosal lesions, particularly inflammatory diseases. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial biological process in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal disorders, which are classified into three types (types 1, 2, and 3) based on their physiological consequences. Among these, type-2 EMT is crucial in wound repair, organ fibrosis, and tissue regeneration. It causes infectious and dis-infectious immunological diseases, such as oral lichen planus (OLP), oral leukoplakia, oral submucosal fibrosis, and other precancerous lesions. However, the mechanism and cognition between type-2 EMT and oral mucosal inflammatory disorders remain unknown. This review first provides a comprehensive evaluation of type-2 EMT in chronically inflammatory oral mucosal disorders. The aim is to lay a foundation for future research and suggest potential treatments.

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Section: Type-2 Emt In Oral Mucosasupporting

confidence: 58%

Type-2 epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral mucosal nonneoplastic diseases

Meng

Yang²,

Liu³

2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…The current study also evidenced that inflammation was a consistent, though not ever‐present, microscopic feature of OMA, with a predominance of T‐lymphocytes. The predominance of T‐lymphocytes over B‐lymphocytes has been reported in other oral lesions such as oral lichen planus, 24 oral eosinophilic ulcer, 25 and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease 26 . Melanocytes are also immunocompetent cells capable of expressing low levels of some immunologically important surface markers such as intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 with CD40 and stimulate CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes directly 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral melanoacanthoma: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of a case series and a scoping review

Tavares,

da Costa,

da Mata Camargos

et al. 2023

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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BackgroundThis study presents a case series and scoping review of oral melanoacanthoma to examine its clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics.MethodsNine cases of oral melanoacanthoma were included in the case series. Clinical data were collected from biopsy charts. Hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry for TRP2, CD3, and CD20 were done. For the scoping review, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched.ResultsCase series: The mean age was 46.8 years (female‐to‐male ratio 2:1). Lesion's mean size was 11.0 mm (±9.3). Lesions were mainly macular (77.8%) with brown or black coloration (88.9%) and often affected multiple sites (44.4%). The evolution time ranged from 15 days to 96 months. Lesions commonly showed epithelial acanthosis (66.7%), spongiosis (55.6%), exocytosis (77.8%), melanin incontinence (88.9%), and inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria (77.8%), from which all showed lymphocytes. TRP2‐positive melanocytes were identified in the basal and spinous layer of all cases, and in the superficial layer of three cases. CD3‐positive cells predominate over the CD20‐positive. Scoping review: 85 cases of oral melanoacanthoma were retrieved from 55 studies. Patients were primarily female (female‐to‐male ratio 2.2:1), black‐skinned (64.1%), with a mean age of 36.13 (± 17.24). Lesions were flat (81.9%), often brown (62.4%). Buccal mucosa was the preferred site (32.9%), followed by multiple sites (28.2%).ConclusionOral melanoacanthoma mainly affects women across a wide age range, with lesions commonly appearing as brown/black macules, particularly on the buccal mucosa. TRP2‐positive melanocytes and T‐lymphocytes were consistently found and could participate in oral melanoacanthoma pathogenesis.

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Immunological Aspects of EBV and Oral Mucosa Interactions in Oral Lichen Planus

Čēma,

Kakar,

Dzudzilo

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory process activated by an unknown antigen, making basal keratinocytes vulnerable to a cytotoxic cell mediated immune response. The aim of this review is to summarize information on the role and pathways of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and immune cells in inducing OLP as an autoimmune lesion. The pathogenesis of OLP is analyzed from immunological aspects of interactions between EBV and oral mucosa. The results of the available studies allow us to assume that EBV can act both as an exogenous and an endogenous antigen in the pathogenesis of OLP. We emphasized the role of antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (Langerhans cells, LC), in detecting and capturing antigens and modulating the adaptive immune response. Although EBV shows tropism for B cells and epithelial cells, under certain conditions it can infect monocytes, LCs, NK, and T lymphocytes. It means that under some circumstances of the chronic inflammatory process, EBV particles can react as endogenous agents. During the development of the autoimmune process, a decisive role is played by the loss of immune tolerance. Factors like the activity of cytokines, chemokines, and autoantibodies secreted by EBV-positive plasma cells, autoantigens formed due to virus protein mimicry of human proteins, new self-peptides released from damaged tissues, self-reactive B and T cells, dysregulation of LC function, the anti-apoptotic effect of EBV early lytic antigens, and an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cells facilitate the development of an autoimmune process.

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Langerhans Cells, T Cells, and B Cells in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Leukoplakia

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Type-2 epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral mucosal nonneoplastic diseases

Type-2 epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral mucosal nonneoplastic diseases

Oral melanoacanthoma: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of a case series and a scoping review

Immunological Aspects of EBV and Oral Mucosa Interactions in Oral Lichen Planus

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