Langerhans Cell Density in Epithelial Skin Tumors Correlates with Epithelial Differentiation but Not with the Peritumoral Infiltrate

Smolle, Josef; Soyer, H. P.; Ehall, R; Bartenstein, Stefan; Kerl, Helmut

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12455529

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results of this study demonstrate that the predominant cell populations responding to BCCs are T lymphocytes and MGs, and that there is an inverse relationship between the nvimber of these two infiltrating cell populations. Our data support previously published observations indicating that T cells are the predominant infiltrating lymphocyte population in BCCs, while B cells and NK cells are rarely encountered in these tumors (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). However, our findings indicate that the number of TILs varies greatly among these tumors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In the last decade, various methods such as spontaneous rosette formation, fluorescein-labeled anti-immunoglobulin conjugates and peroxidase conjugates have been used to measure the type and quantity of infiltrating cells in non-ulcerated BCCs. Many investigators have shown that the infiltrate surrounding BCCs consists predominantly of T lymphocytes with a relative paucity of B lymphocytes and natural killer cells (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Immune‐associated cells in basal cell carcinomas of skin

et al. 1996

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Increased numbers of mast cells (MCs) and lymphocytes infiltrating in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) have been observed. The presence of these infiltrating cells has been considered a sign of an immunologic anti-tumor response in the host, but the relationship of these two cell populations has not been examined. To elucidate this possible relationship, 30 non-ulcerated BCCs were analyzed. Frozen sections of the tumors were stained with monoclonal antibodies for Langerhans' cells, lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells. Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-avidin as well as anti-tryptase and anti-CD45RO monoclonal antibodies were used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections for mast cell and T cell identification, respectively. B cells and natural killer cells were rarely observed in these tumors. MCs and T cells were quantified by direct enumeration and expressed as number of cells per high power field (hpf). FITC-avidin and anti-tryptase antibodies were equivalent in their ability to identify MCs. MC content in BCCs ranged from 1.0 to 31 cells/hpf. The number of T cells ranged from 0 to 50 cells/hpf with helper/suppressor cell ratios of 0.2 to 10. There was no correlation between helper/suppressor ratios and mast cell numbers; however, an inverse relationship was observed between the numbers of T cells and the number of mast cells in these tumors. These studies indicate that T cells and MCs are the primary immune cell populations responding to BCCs, and that decreased numbers of T cells are associated with more aggressive tumors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Immune‐associated cells in basal cell carcinomas of skin

et al. 1996

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“…Surprisingly, LC in our study were frequently pleomorphic among group A nevi; while we expected LC to present as dendritic cells with fine, long dendritic processes, we saw LC in some cases presenting as round nucleated cells on RCM. Indeed, LC have previously been shown to differ in their dendrite morphology when found in association with tumors 18, 19, 21 . For instance, Gibson et al described that LC in tumors were rounded and had shorter, thicker and plump dendrites in comparison to normal skin, where dendrites were longer, delicate, thin and showed extensive arborization 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Langerhans cells and melanocytes share similar morphologic features under in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy: A?challenge for melanoma diagnosis

Hashemi

Pulitzer

Scope

et al. 2012

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Background Intraepidermal Langerhans cells (ILC) are difficult to differentiate from melanocytes under reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and their presence may simulate pagetoid spread of melanocytes on RCM images. Objective To correlate bright round and dendritic cells in a pagetoid pattern identified on RCM with findings of conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry for lesions that were falsely diagnosed as melanoma by RCM. Methods This retrospective study included histopathologically proven nevi, imaged by RCM, which displayed bright cells in a pagetoid pattern (BCPP) under RCM, resulting in the incorrect RCM diagnosis of melanoma. Morphological comparisons were histopathologically proven melanomas displaying BCPP on RCM and biopsy-proven nevi without such cells on RCM. Results We identified 24 nevi that were falsely diagnosed as melanoma by RCM due to the presence of BCPP. These pagetoid cells on RCM corresponded on histopathology to ILC with a high density in 23 of the 24 nevi (95%) and to melanocytes in 7 of the 24 nevi (29%). Among 6 melanomas displaying BCPP on RCM, ILC with high density were observed histopathologically in 5 of the 6 cases (83%) and pagetoid melanocytes were seen in all 6 cases (100%). Limitations The results cannot be generalized to clinically banal-appearing nevi. Conclusions Although the finding of BCPP is a useful RCM feature for the diagnosis of melanoma it does not always imply the presence of pagetoid melanocytes but may at times, represent ILC.

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“…Ultra\iolet radiation is a major risk factor for squamous cell carcinotna of the skin, and has been shown to reduce the number (12) and induce functional aberiations of dendritic cells in the epidermis (13). Quantitation of dendritic cells in ctttaneous SCC has, however, yielded iticonsistent results compared with normal controls (14)(15)(16)(17). No evaluation of the relationship of dendritic cell density with prognosis has beeti reported for this tumor.…”

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confidence: 96%

S100⊕ cell response to squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: inverse correlation with metastasis

Wei

Tahan

1998

J Cutan Pathol

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Previous work has suggested a key role of dendritic cells in antineoplastic immunity. The course of mycosis fungoides and cancers of the lung, colon, thyroid and stomach has been associated with dendritic cell response to the primary tumor. However, this has not been reported for cutaneous or mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Thirty-six cases of primary SCC of the lip mucosa or vermillion border, including nine cases with regional metastasis, were studied to investigate the relationship of dendritic cell density with age, tumor grade, mitotic rate, diameter, ulceration, depth of invasion, muscle invasion, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and metastasis. Dendritic cells were identified using S100 immunohistochemistry, and their peritumor and intratumor density (peri-S100D and intra-S100D) were determined. The mean peri-S100D was 314 +/- 50/mm2. High peri-S100D was associated with lower rate of metastasis (P = 0.03), and no case with peri-S100D > 311/mm2 metastasized. Peri-S100D inversely correlated with depth of invasion (P = 0.04) and ulceration (P = 0.02), and positively associated with TILs (P = 0.02). The mean intra-S100D was 317 +/- 42/mm2. Intra-S100D did not quantitatively correlate with metastasis; however, no metastasis occurred when intra-S100D exceeded 515/mm2. Intra-S100D correlated with brisk TILs (P = 0.04). These results suggest a functional role of dendritic cells in the immune response to SCC. Peri-S100D may be a prognostic indicator.

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Langerhans Cell Density in Epithelial Skin Tumors Correlates with Epithelial Differentiation but Not with the Peritumoral Infiltrate

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Immune‐associated cells in basal cell carcinomas of skin

Immune‐associated cells in basal cell carcinomas of skin

Langerhans cells and melanocytes share similar morphologic features under in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy: A?challenge for melanoma diagnosis

S100⊕ cell response to squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: inverse correlation with metastasis

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