Landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere als Vektoren von parasitären Epizoonoseerregern und zoophilen Dermatophyten

Abstract

Different pest arthropods and dermatophytes occurring primarily in farm animals may be transmissible to man and produce human dermatoses. The movement and cutaneous penetration habits of external parasites often cause crusted papules, severe itching and dermatitis or may damage their hosts by blood-sucking or by sensitizing them to their saliva. Furthermore different dermatophytes should be considered a possible cause of human skin lesions. Farm animals (cattle, pig, poultry, and rabbit) can transmit external parasites (ticks: Ixodes ricinus, Argas reflexus; fleas: Ceratophyllus gallinae, Spilopsyllus cuniculi, and mites: Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis, Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis, Dermanyssus gallinae, Cheyletiella parasitovorax), and dermatophytes (Trichophyton sp., and Microsporum sp.). People who have close contact to infested farm animals are more often exposed to epizoonotic infections. Certain professions, such as farmers, and veterinarians, are especially vulnerable.

Candidate predators for biological control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae

“…As part of this modelling exercise, relationships of 'putative predator' densities (individuals per nest) were tested using a model with the variables occupancy history of nest box (occupied in 2006 or not) and D. gallinae density (individuals per nest) as well as three variables describing the state of the starlings occupying the nest box (brood size, hatching date, female quality; for deWnitions see Brouwer and Komdeur 2004). Since the emphasis in this article is on the inter-relationships between nest-inhabiting mites, we refrain here from describing the starling-related variables and discussing the results ensuing.…”

“…Based on a recent inquiry among farmers, the total costs from damage and control measures to the whole egg industry in The Netherlands are estimated to be 11 million Euros per year (Emous et al 2005). This underestimates real costs because poultry red mites may vector disease agents of poultry (Valiente Moro et al 2005, 2007 and they are a source of allergens causing dermatological problems to farmers and veterinarians (Rosen et al 2002;Beck 1999).…”

“…Feeding at more than one trophic level (omnivory) may also be possible, but has not yet been shown for mites inhabiting bird nests. Some of the species are found exclusively in nests (nidicolous species), others are opportunistic visitors (e.g., 1 C edaphic species) and yet others (plant-dwelling species) end up in nests via plant material birds use for nest construction, and perhaps also via the green material birds use for courtship, for chemical control of ectoparasites or as a drug to boost their immune response (Clark 1991;Brouwer and Komdeur 2004;Gwinner and Berger 2005;Veiga et al 2006). For the arthropods inhabiting a nest to establish a system with more trophic levels will require time.…”

Pigeon mite: An underdiagnosed cause of papular urticaria

“…9,11 The ability of D. gallinae to tolerate starvation up to about 8 months helps them to migrate long distances and extended time after losing the host, when they exit the original pigeon nest. 12,13 The mites move at a speed of up to about 120 m per hour, which helps them to roam the habitat and find new hosts. 14 Bird mites usually spend their entire life on birds.…”

Ectoparasites from Feral Pigeons Affecting Humans

“…8). Red mites are able to starve for up to 8.5 months [37,38] so that the parasite can emigrate from pigeon breeding sites a long time after their original hosts have disappeared. D. gallinae has 8 legs in adult and nymph stages, and moves rapidly with a speed of up to 120 m/h [18].…”