Land use effects on soil crusting and hydraulic response of surface crusts on a tropical Alfisol

Abstract

Abstract:Soil surface crusting, a common phenomenon on cultivated soils, has major implications for agriculture and the environment because of its eects on soil hydrological properties, erosion and crop establishment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate land use controls on crust formation and the hydraulic response of soils to crust development for a Patancheru series soil (clayey skeletal, mixed, isohyperthermic Udic Rhodustalf) in south-central India. Soil aggregates, obtained from cultivated (PL) and naturally vegetated fallow (NV) land, were packed into sample trays and subjected to laboratory rain simulation to form crusts. Thin sections and visual observation indicated that crust development reached a more advanced stage in the PL case compared with NV following 90 min of rain at 40±80 mm h 71 intensity. This was re¯ected in a thicker crust layer with fewer voids in the former and a less smooth surface with partially disintegrated aggregates in the latter. The hydraulic response of the soil surface with the progression of crust development indicated a more permeable and less dense crust formed on NV than on PL soil. The results suggested that NV soil aggregates were more stable and that crust formation is more gradual for stable aggregates compared with the less stable PL aggregates. A structural crust-type formed on the Patancheru soil by means of parallel subprocesses involving translocation and illuviation of aggregate disruption by products, and raindrop compaction and particle rearrangement.

Response of Sheet Erosion to the Characteristics of Physical Soil Crusts for Loessial Soils

“…Surface crust is an important factor affecting infiltration of water into soil profiles (Nciizah et al, 2015). The compaction of the soil surface to form a thin dense layer limits further entry of runoff (Bajracharya and Lal, 1999). In this study, the thickness became thinner with antecedent rainfall intensity due to the raindrop compaction, and the denser layer could prevent more infiltration and produce more runoff.…”

Response of Sheet Erosion to the Characteristics of Physical Soil Crusts for Loessial Soils

“…Surface crust is an important factor affecting infiltration of water into soil profiles (Nciizah et al, 2015). The compaction of the soil surface to form a thin dense layer limits further entry of runoff (Bajracharya and Lal, 1999). In this study, the thickness became thinner with antecedent rainfall intensity due to the raindrop compaction, and the denser layer could prevent more infiltration and produce more runoff.…”

Effects of rainfall and slope on runoff, soil erosion and rill development: an experimental study using two loess soils

“…In addition, the Calcaric Cambisol had a higher sand content of 14.53%. The filling of voids among the coarse particle and clay illuviation requires more time to develop a crust (Bajracharya and Lal, ), and more runoff is infiltrated into the Calcaric Cambisol surface. This can explain the higher cumulative runoffs from the Anthrosol surface than from Calcaric Cambisol surface (Figures and ).…”

The response of Brahimi apple’s Cultivar to Foliar Application of Glycyrrhizin Extract (GLE) and Humic Acid (HA)

“…4-Total content of chlorophyll in leaves (mg.100 g -1 fresh weight) TCL: TCL has been measured in 20 mature leaves from different parts of tree according to (12) by using spectrophotometer device at wavelength of 663 to 645 Nm (nanometer).…”

Response of Sheet Erosion to the Characteristics of Physical Soil Crusts for Loessial Soils

“…Surface crust is an important factor affecting infiltration of water into soil profiles (Nciizah et al, 2015). The compaction of the soil surface to form a thin dense layer limits further entry of runoff (Bajracharya and Lal, 1999). In this study, the thickness became thinner with antecedent rainfall intensity due to the raindrop compaction, and the denser layer could prevent more infiltration and produce more runoff.…”

Effects of rainfall and slope on runoff, soil erosion and rill development: an experimental study using two loess soils

“…In addition, the Calcaric Cambisol had a higher sand content of 14.53%. The filling of voids among the coarse particle and clay illuviation requires more time to develop a crust (Bajracharya and Lal, ), and more runoff is infiltrated into the Calcaric Cambisol surface. This can explain the higher cumulative runoffs from the Anthrosol surface than from Calcaric Cambisol surface (Figures and ).…”

The response of Brahimi apple’s Cultivar to Foliar Application of Glycyrrhizin Extract (GLE) and Humic Acid (HA)

“…4-Total content of chlorophyll in leaves (mg.100 g -1 fresh weight) TCL: TCL has been measured in 20 mature leaves from different parts of tree according to (12) by using spectrophotometer device at wavelength of 663 to 645 Nm (nanometer).…”

Response of Sheet Erosion to the Characteristics of Physical Soil Crusts for Loessial Soils

“…Surface crust is an important factor affecting infiltration of water into soil profiles (Nciizah et al, 2015). The compaction of the soil surface to form a thin dense layer limits further entry of runoff (Bajracharya and Lal, 1999). In this study, the thickness became thinner with antecedent rainfall intensity due to the raindrop compaction, and the denser layer could prevent more infiltration and produce more runoff.…”

Effects of rainfall and slope on runoff, soil erosion and rill development: an experimental study using two loess soils

“…In addition, the Calcaric Cambisol had a higher sand content of 14.53%. The filling of voids among the coarse particle and clay illuviation requires more time to develop a crust (Bajracharya and Lal, ), and more runoff is infiltrated into the Calcaric Cambisol surface. This can explain the higher cumulative runoffs from the Anthrosol surface than from Calcaric Cambisol surface (Figures and ).…”

The response of Brahimi apple’s Cultivar to Foliar Application of Glycyrrhizin Extract (GLE) and Humic Acid (HA)

“…4-Total content of chlorophyll in leaves (mg.100 g -1 fresh weight) TCL: TCL has been measured in 20 mature leaves from different parts of tree according to (12) by using spectrophotometer device at wavelength of 663 to 645 Nm (nanometer).…”