Lakes and Reservoirs in the Sediment Cascade

Foster, Ian D L

doi:10.1002/9780470682876.ch12

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Trimble (2010) reports similar conclusions from a number of catchments in Europe. Recent studies in the eastern United States have shown the importance of innumerable small impoundments, many built as mill ponds between the late 1600s and early 1900s, in sediment storage (Walter & Merritts, 2008; Schenk & Hupp, 2009; Foster, 2010). Most floodplains above such impoundments are fill terraces produced since dam construction, often containing 1–5 m of sediment accumulation that has fundamentally altered stream channel and floodplain geomorphology.…”

Section: Examples Of Time Lagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeochemical time lags may delay responses of streams to ecological restoration

2011

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Summary 1. Mounting interest in ecological restoration of streams and rivers, including that motivated by the Water Framework Directive, has stimulated examination of whether management and restoration measures in streams and their catchments have yielded measurable improvements in ecological status (‘health’). Evidence for the efficacy of diffuse‐source pollution reduction (including best management practices on land) has proven elusive. 2. Several hydrological and biogeochemical processes delay the responses of streams and rivers to a decrease in nutrient and sediment inputs, potentially for decades. The implications of such time lags in response to restoration may not be well appreciated by restoration ecologists, regulators, sponsors of restoration work or the broader community. 3. The groundwater time lag results from the long residence time of ground water. This is particularly important with respect to nitrate, but is increasingly important for phosphorus (P) as well. Isotopic tracers and groundwater age dating suggest that stream water often is more than a decade old, and that several decades are required to flush most soluble contaminants from groundwater reservoirs. 4. Sediment movement through river networks can be protracted because of storage and remobilisation processes involving stream beds, impounded reaches and fringing bars and floodplains. In lowland streams and rivers, sediment accretion can be rapid, but its removal is often far slower and can take decades to centuries. 5. Phosphorus availability is subject to time lags because P tends to associate with minerals, resulting in a potentially large yet exchangeable P reserve in upland soils and alluvial and stream‐bed sediments. Thus, soils and sediments can remain rich in P for decades after new inputs are reduced, potentially acting as a source of P to surface waters. Phosphorus saturation of soils along groundwater percolation pathways can lead to even longer time lags. Restoration measures that inundate previously dry soils or desiccate previously inundated sediments can induce high rates of P release. 6. These hydrological and biogeochemical time lags can obscure the short‐term responses of streams and rivers to restoration measures. In many eutrophic waters, large decreases in nutrient availability would be required to return the ecosystem to a natural nutrient‐limited state, and this could take decades.

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Section: Examples Of Time Lagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, construction of impoundments can trap sediment and reduce stream nutrient loads, at least until they fill with sediment (Vörösmarty et al. , 1997; Foster, 2010), or are removed in restoration projects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical time lags may delay responses of streams to ecological restoration

2011

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“…We also adopt a palaeoenvironmental approach to provide a longer‐term perspective on the impact of river impoundments on sediment connectivity. Of particular importance over the last 1,000 years or so is the increasing number of impoundments constructed on river systems (e.g., Foster, ; Petts, , ; Petts, Roux, & Möller, ; Petts & Wood, ). The sediments accumulating behind these impoundments can provide long‐term perspectives on fluvial processes and ecosystem response (e.g., Foster & Greenwood, ; Oldfield, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like the continuum concept, this framework was assimilated into studies of fluvial sediment dynamics and first introduced into a textbook on fluvial geomorphology by Petts and Foster (). More modern texts on fluvial sediment dynamics frequently incorporate research that is underpinned by this longer‐term palaeohydrological framework (e.g., Foster, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A palaeoenvironmental study of particle size‐specific connectivity—New insights and implications from the West Sussex Rother Catchment, United Kingdom

Foster

Biddulph

Boardman

et al. 2019

River Research & Apps

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Connectivity has become an important conceptual and practical framework for understanding and managing sediment transfers across hillslopes, between hillslopes and rivers, and between rivers and other compartments along the river corridor (e.g., reservoirs, channel substrate, and floodplain). Conventionally, connectivity focuses on the quantity of sediment transferred but here, we also consider the size of the finer sediment (typically particles <500 μm diameter). We examine the role of small rapidly silting reservoirs in the river Rother on storing sediment and disrupting downstream sediment transfers. Spatial and temporal changes in the particle size characteristics of sediment deposited in one of the ponds is explored in detail. Downstream of this pond, we collected sediment from the river on nine occasions over 17 months using two sampling methods at two locations; first, immediately downstream of the pond and a second ~700 m further downstream but upstream of the confluence with the Rother. Results showed a significant depletion in sand‐sized particles immediately downstream of the pond but the sand had been recovered from an in‐channel source before the river reached the downstream sampling point.

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“…Depositional environments such as lakes and floodplain are commonly sampled to reconstruct sediment yield and evaluate past sediment sources (Foster et al 2007;Foster 2010). Within these depositional environments, magnetic signatures can be classified as being detrital (originating from catchment sources) or as being secondary biogenic and diagenetic signatures (altered within the place of deposition through chemical or biogenic processes) (Wheeler et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservatism of mineral magnetic signatures in farm dam sediments in the South African Karoo: the potential effects of particle size and post-depositional diagenesis

2015

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Lakes and Reservoirs in the Sediment Cascade

Cited by 13 publications

References 123 publications

Biogeochemical time lags may delay responses of streams to ecological restoration

Biogeochemical time lags may delay responses of streams to ecological restoration

A palaeoenvironmental study of particle size‐specific connectivity—New insights and implications from the West Sussex Rother Catchment, United Kingdom

Conservatism of mineral magnetic signatures in farm dam sediments in the South African Karoo: the potential effects of particle size and post-depositional diagenesis

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