Ladle Metallurgy

Szekely, J.; Carlsson, Göran; Helle, Lars

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3538-5

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The initial plunging jet velocity, u i , was 183 cm/s and the plunging jet diameter, d, was 0.4 and 0.6 cm. The volume of plunging jet, V p , was 110 cm 3 . The final aspect ratio became 0.545.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Procedures Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] It is rather difficult to push each powder into the molten metal when the powder is not wetted by the metal. [4][5][6] This is because the surface tension force dominate the intrusion process when the diameter of the powder is very small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) No particle, (2) r p ϭ0.02 g/cm 3 and d p ϭ3.6 mm, (3) r p ϭ0.04 g/cm 3 and d p ϭ40ϫ10 Ϫ3 mm, (4) r p ϭ0.40 g/cm 3 and d p ϭ6.0 mm, where r p and d p are the density and diameter of particles, respectively. These particles were not wetted by water, and they were filled in the small cylinder of D c ϭ4.7 cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Model Experiment on the Dispersion of Fine Particles in a Molten Metal Bath Agitated by Plunging Jet

Abe

Iguchi

2003

ISIJ International

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Cold model experiments were carried out to understand the dispersion of particles introduced into a water bath and a mercury bath by a plunging jet. The particles were uniformly dispersed in the whole bath in a short time regardless of the density and diameter of the particles under the conditions considered. The results imply that small particles can also be uniformly dispersed in molten steel baths by using a plunging jet. Two time scales were introduced to characterize the dispersion of particles. One is time for the plunging jet to reach the bottom wall of the vessel. The other is time for the particles to uniformly disperse in the whole bath. Empirical equations for the two time scales were derived.

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Section: Experimental Apparatus and Procedures Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Model Experiment on the Dispersion of Fine Particles in a Molten Metal Bath Agitated by Plunging Jet

Abe

Iguchi

2003

ISIJ International

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“…The conventional mixing methods can be classified into three types: (1) gas injection, (2) electromagnetic agitation, and (3) mechanical agitation. 1,2) Gas injection is considered to be the most economical and efficient method among these three agitation methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2) Concerning the bottom gas injection, the weeping phenomenon is one of serious problems encountered in practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swirl Motions Caused by Horizontal Gas Injection with an L-Shaped Lance

et al. 2010

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Experimental investigations are carried out on the bath surface oscillations caused by horizontal air injection through an L-shaped lance into a cylindrical bath. Several types of bath surface oscillations are observed depending on the gas flow rate, the lance exit location, and so on. A bath surface oscillation map is drawn to identify the occurrence conditions of the oscillations. Particular attention is paid to the deep-water wave type swirl motion because of its practical importance. Empirical equations are newly proposed to describe the occurrence condition of the swirl motion. The measured values of the period and amplitude of the swirl motion compare favorably with their respective empirical equations proposed previously for bottom gas injection.

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Bubble and liquid flow characteristics during horizontal cold gas injection into a water bath

2000

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In refining processes such as the AOD process cold gas is blown horizontally into the molten metal bath of the processes. The spatial distribution of bubbles in the bath is one of the important factors influencing the efficiency of the processes. In this study, a water model study was carried out to understand the characteristics of bubbles and liquid flow generated by horizontal gas injection. The bubble and liquid flow characteristics were measured using an electro-resistivity probe and a laser Doppler velocimeter, respectively. In the flow field near the nozzle the bubble characteristics for the horizontal cold gas injection can be predicted by empirical equations derived for isothermal gas injection systems. The liquid flow characteristics could not be measured in this region. On the other hand, in the region far from the nozzle the two characteristics for the cold gas injection became different from those for the isothermal gas injection because of enhanced buoyancy force acting on expanding cold bubbles due to heat transfer. Blasen-und Stromungscharakteristika beim horizontalen Einleiten von kaltem Gas in einWasserbad. Beim Frischen, z.B. nach dem AOD-Verfahren, wird kaltes Gas horizontal in die Schmelze geleitet. Die raumliche Verteilung der Blasen ist ein wichtiger Faktor fOr die Effektivitat des Verfahrens. An einem Wassermodell wurde daher die Blasen-und Stromungscharakteristika, die durch das horizontale Gaseinleiten hervorgerufen werden, studiert. Die Messung erfolgte mit einer Widerstandssonde und einem Laser-Doppler-Velocimeter. 1m Stromungsfeld nahe der DOse laBt sich die Blasencharakteristik beim horizontalen Gaseinleiten mit empirischen Gleichungen, die fOr isothermes Gaseinleiten abgeleitet wurden, vorausberechnen. Die Stromungscharakteristik lieB sich in diesem Bereich nicht messen. DemgegenOber andert sich das Verhalten in groBer Entfernung von der DOse. Die Verhaltnisse fOr isothermes Gaseinleiten konnen nicht mehr herangezogen werden, da erhohte Auftriebskraft auf die kalten Blasen, die sich infolge WarmeObergangs ausdehnen, wirkt.

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Ladle Metallurgy

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Model Experiment on the Dispersion of Fine Particles in a Molten Metal Bath Agitated by Plunging Jet

Model Experiment on the Dispersion of Fine Particles in a Molten Metal Bath Agitated by Plunging Jet

Swirl Motions Caused by Horizontal Gas Injection with an L-Shaped Lance

Bubble and liquid flow characteristics during horizontal cold gas injection into a water bath

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