Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase as poor prognostic factors in lung cancer: A retrospective observational study

Abstract

PurposeCirculating molecules play important roles in lung cancer diagnosis. In addition, plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) have been shown to be closely related to tumor progression in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colonel cancer. However, the relationships between LDH and CK levels with metastasis occurrence and the survival status of lung cancer patients remain unclear.Experimental designA total of 1142 lung cancer patients were enrolled in this study and were separated into negative or positive groups, according to the plasma levels of CK or LDH. Patients in both groups were assessed for clinical characteristics, metastasis occurrence, and survival status. The Cox regression model was then introduced to confirm whether CK and LDH could act as independent factors for predicting a poor prognosis.ResultsThe results indicated that CK had a close relationship with bone (p < 0.05) and lymph node (p < 0.05) metastases. In addition, LDH was strongly related with bone (p < 0.05), adrenal gland (p < 0.05), and lymph node (p < 0.05) metastases. CK and LDH were also correlated with the survival status of the lung cancer patients (all p < 0.001). According to specific histological classification analysis, it was found that CK was closely related to the survival status of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, while LDH was only correlated with that of ADC patients. Cox regression analysis confirmed that CK and LDH could act as independent factors for predicting a poor prognosis in ADC but not SCC patients.ConclusionsFor the first time, our study confirmed the role of CK in metastasis occurrence and the survival status of lung cancer patients. In addition, it also demonstrated that CK and LDH could be used as independent factors to predict a poor prognosis in ADC patients. The identification of CK and LDH will play important roles in lung cancer diagnosis and poor outcome prediction in the future.

Defining Metabolic Rewiring in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Higher creatine levels have been seen in NSCLC when compared with normal tissue [41] and in SCLC primary tumours and cell cultures [42]. Lung AD and SCC tissues had lower CK activity, which accords with our elevated creatine levels [43], and was linked to a poor prognosis in LC patients [44]. Considering ornithine as a route to the production of polyamines, with the exception of spermidine, this was reduced.…”

Lactate dehydrogenase is correlated with clinical stage and grade and is downregulated by si‑STAB1 in ovarian cancer

“…LDH, the key enzyme in the anaerobic glycolysis pathway, converts pyruvate to lactate in cancer cells and likely other highly-proliferating cells. Therefore, a high LDH level is commonly observed in cancer cells (34,35). Approximately 90% of women with advanced ovarian cancer have elevated levels of CA-125 in their blood serum, making CA-125 a popular useful tool for detecting ovarian cancer.…”

Metabolic consequences of perioperative oral carbohydrates in breast cancer patients — an explorative study

“…Thus, LDH provides substrate for both the production of ATP via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle [37] and also increased gluconeogenesis for the production of ribose for nucleotide synthesis via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) [38]. Notably, increased levels of serum LDH [42] and increased expression of LDH in breast cancer tissue [43] and lung tumors [44] are associated with an inferior prognosis.…”