Lack of Systemic Suppression of Nodulation in Split Root Systems of Supernodulating Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr.) Mutants

Olsson, Jane E.; Nakao, P.; Bohlool, B. Ben; Gresshoff, Peter M.

doi:10.1104/pp.90.4.1347

Cited by 80 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…veloping nodules and roots before any considerable output of fixed nitrogen from the nodules (Atkins, 1986;Atkins et al, 1989) and also in the absence of mineral nitrogen, which might affect both suppression of nodulation (Olsson et al, 1989), and the allocation of radiolabelled sugar (Olsson et al, 1989) or current photosynthate (Singleton & van Kessel, 1987) to nodulated or nitrogen-fed roots.…”

Section: Relative Partitioning Of Labelled Photosynthate To Roots Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nature and shoot control of the autoregulatory response in soybean. Caetano-AnoUes and Gresshoff (1990 postulated that early rhizobial infections induce the synthesis of a shoot-derived inhibitor (SDI), which then suppresses nodule development from later infections, Supernodulating soybean mutants apparently lack, or have much decreased, synthesis of SDI (Olsson et al, 1989. Francisco & .\kao, 1993, Francisco & Harper, 1995, Recent results of Francisco & Harper (1995) suggest that inhibitory compound(s), synthesized in the leaf, control nodulation phenotype independently of the root, Francisco & Akao (1993) proposed a late-acting nodulation control mechanism that is apparently unrelated to autoregulation and is observed in wild type and in supernodulating soybean, Kosslak & Bohlool (1984) used different levels of shading to show that nodule number per plant and the intensity of the regulatory response were directly related to the amount of photosynthetically active radiation available to soybean.…”

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Partitioning of ¹⁴C‐labelled photosynthate to developing nodules and roots of soybean (Glycine max)

1997

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SUMMARYA spiit-rooi growth system was used to study photosynthate partitioning to developing nodules and roots of soybean {Glycine max L., Merr.). Opposite sides of the root systems were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum at 8 and 12 d after planting (early/delayed inoculation treatment) or, alternatively, only one side was inoculated 8 d after planting (early/uninocutated treatment). Plants w-ere incubated with '*CO2 at 24-h intervals from early inoculation until the onset of X^ fixation (acetylene reduction). After staining with Eriochrome black, root and nodule meristematic structures were excised under a dissecting microscope and their radioactivity determined by scintillation counting. The specific radioactivity of nodule structures increased with nodule development, and was as much as 4 times higher in early nodules than in roots and nodules on half-roots receiving dela>'ed inoculation. By the time that N^ fixation could be measured in the first mature nodules, the early inoculated half-root contained over 70 "o of the radioactivity recovered from the entire root systems of both early/delayed and early/uninoculated treatments. These results suggest that developing nodules create a strong sink for photosynthate. and that nodules and roots compete for current photosynthate. Early initiated nodules might develop at the expense of late initiated nodules, as w^ell as at the expense of the roots themselves.

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Section: Relative Partitioning Of Labelled Photosynthate To Roots Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Partitioning of ¹⁴C‐labelled photosynthate to developing nodules and roots of soybean (Glycine max)

1997

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“…The initial step of autoregulation is thought to involve longdistance signalling from the root to the shoot [5][6][7] . This hypothesis was strongly supported by the findings from analyses of the Lotus japonicus hypernodulating mutant, hypernodulation aberrant root formation (har1) [8][9][10] , and orthologous mutants in other leguminous species 8,9,11,12 .…”

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Root-derived CLE glycopeptides control nodulation by direct binding to HAR1 receptor kinase

et al. 2013

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Leguminous plants establish a symbiosis with rhizobia to enable nitrogen fixation in root nodules under the control of the presumed root-to-shoot-to-root negative feedback called autoregulation of nodulation. In Lotus japonicus, autoregulation is mediated by CLE-RS genes that are specifically expressed in the root, and the receptor kinase HAR1 that functions in the shoot. However, the mature functional structures of CLE-RS gene products and the molecular nature of CLE-RS/HAR1 signalling governed by these spatially distant components remain elusive. Here we show that CLE-RS2 is a post-translationally arabinosylated glycopeptide derived from the CLE domain. Chemically synthesized CLE-RS glycopeptides cause significant suppression of nodulation and directly bind to HAR1 in an arabinose-chain and sequencedependent manner. In addition, CLE-RS2 glycopeptide specifically produced in the root is found in xylem sap collected from the shoot. We propose that CLE-RS glycopeptides are the long sought mobile signals responsible for the initial step of autoregulation of nodulation.

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“…Using split-root experiments, Kosslak & Bohlool (1984) have shown that inoculation of one side of the root system suppressed subsequent development of nodules on the other side. Olsson et al (1989) showed that this suppression of nodulation by the inoculated side of a split-root system was substantially reduced in supernodulating nts1 mutant plants that lack regulation of the shoot-root signal. Presumably, the root-derived signal elicits a response in the shoot that allows completion of the autoregulation loop via transmission of a signal to the root (Fig.…”

Section: Long-distance Signalling Systemsplant Hormones In Search Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ups and downs of signalling between root and shoot

Beveridge

2000

New Phytologist

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It is becoming increasingly apparent that the long‐distance signalling associated with many developmental processes is complex and that novel hormone‐like signals may play substantial roles. The past decades have seen several substances (e.g. brassinosteroids, systemin and other polypeptides, mevalonic and jasmonic acids, polyamines, oligosaccharides, flavonoids, and quinones) vie for a place among the classical plant hormones (e.g. Spaink, 1996). Recent microinjection and grafting studies have also shown that RNA may act as a long‐distance signal (Jorgensen et al., 1998; Xoconostle‐Cázares et al., 1999). In this issue, Hannah et al. describe long‐distance signalling and the regulation of root–shoot partitioning in dwarf lethal or dosage‐dependent lethal (DL) mutants of common bean (Shii et al., 1980, 1981), and present evidence indicating that substances in addition to classical plant hormones (e.g. cytokinins) may be involved. As in the report by Hannah et al., much of the evidence for roles of unidentified long‐distance signals in the control of plant development is indirect. The possibility that a small number of long‐distance signals might control a multitude of developmental processes arises through the potential for differences in tissue sensitivity, fluctuations in hormone levels and differences in the nature of responses of different tissues to the same hormone. Consequently, particular hormones may influence numerous processes seemingly simultaneously, yet independently. Even so, long‐distance signalling is involved in processes as diverse as root–shoot balance, senescence, branching, flowering, nodulation, stress responses and nutrient uptake. Through comparison of even a few different developmental processes, progress can be made to reveal the true complexity of plant development. Using this approach it is also clear that many unknown signals may be involved.

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Lack of Systemic Suppression of Nodulation in Split Root Systems of Supernodulating Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Mutants

Cited by 80 publications

References 17 publications

Partitioning of ¹⁴C‐labelled photosynthate to developing nodules and roots of soybean (Glycine max)

Partitioning of ¹⁴C‐labelled photosynthate to developing nodules and roots of soybean (Glycine max)

Root-derived CLE glycopeptides control nodulation by direct binding to HAR1 receptor kinase

The ups and downs of signalling between root and shoot

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Lack of Systemic Suppression of Nodulation in Split Root Systems of Supernodulating Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Mutants

Cited by 80 publications

References 17 publications

Partitioning of 14C‐labelled photosynthate to developing nodules and roots of soybean (Glycine max)

Partitioning of 14C‐labelled photosynthate to developing nodules and roots of soybean (Glycine max)

Root-derived CLE glycopeptides control nodulation by direct binding to HAR1 receptor kinase

The ups and downs of signalling between root and shoot

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Partitioning of ¹⁴C‐labelled photosynthate to developing nodules and roots of soybean (Glycine max)

Partitioning of ¹⁴C‐labelled photosynthate to developing nodules and roots of soybean (Glycine max)