Lacaziosis: immunohistochemical evaluation of elements of the humoral response in cutaneous lesions

Abstract

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Lobomycosis post long-term corticosteroid therapy: a case report

“…The risk factors for a person to be infected with lobomycosis are skin inoculation, especially on parts of the skin that are easily exposed to the environment, a history of being pierced by sharp objects, insect bites, exposure to the aquatic environment, direct or indirect contact with dolphins or a history of traveling to endemic areas (Arju et al, 2014;Beltrame et al, 2017;Kanashiro-Galo et al, 2020). Related to immunocompromised conditions, Reif et al, 2009in Papadavid, 2012 that lobomycosis in immunocompromised conditions could be an opportunistic infection (Papadavid et al, 2012).…”

“…High expression of TGF-β cytokines, inhibition of nitric oxide expression, and low levels of interferon (IFN)-ϒ, suppress macrophage lytic activity resulting in a less responsive cellular immune response, leading to antigen-specific cell-mediated immune deficiency and inducing fibrosis (contributing to the emergence of keloid lesions). Lack of Th1 response related to Th17 cytokine production results in the persistence of this fungus (Araújo et al, 2018;Arenas et al, 2019;Arju et al, 2014;Kanashiro-Galo et al, 2020;Papadavid et al, 2012). In nodular lesions, the cellular components that produce immune response cells are more active, whereas, in infiltrative keloids and wart-like lesions and disseminated lesions, immune response cells appear less active (Arenas et al, 2019).…”

“…Examinations that can be performed to determine the diagnosis of lobomycosis are direct microscopic examination to Research, Society andDevelopment, v. 11, n. 1, e10111124910, 2022 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24910 assess the presence of fungi and histopathological examination through tissue biopsy (Araújo et al, 2018;Hay, 2020). Fungal cells can be found in the dermis and epidermis layers, significantly often found in the stratum corneum (Kanashiro-Galo et al, 2020). The dermis layer and the epidermis layer are separated by a green zone (Hinshaw & Longley, 2015).…”