Laboratory versus Outdoor Cycling Conditions: Differences in Pedaling Biomechanics

Bertucci, William; Grappe, Frédéric; Groslambert, Alain

doi:10.1123/jab.23.2.87

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Namely, no bicycle motion (backward and forward displacements) was present in our study as would have been observed in real-life conditions. Moreover, exercising on a cycle ergometer does not allow real changes of the crank inertial load (Bertucci et al 2007;Hansen et al 2002). For example, Bertucci et al (2007) showed that at maximal aerobic power, the crank torque profiles during cycling on the ergometer were significantly different (especially on dead points of the crank cycle) and generate a higher perceived exertion compared to road cycling conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, exercising on a cycle ergometer does not allow real changes of the crank inertial load (Bertucci et al 2007;Hansen et al 2002). For example, Bertucci et al (2007) showed that at maximal aerobic power, the crank torque profiles during cycling on the ergometer were significantly different (especially on dead points of the crank cycle) and generate a higher perceived exertion compared to road cycling conditions. However, these facts, although important for generalization of the results, do not necessarily represent the drawback of our study, but quite the opposite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Change of muscle activation patterns in uphill cycling of varying slope

Šarabon

Fonda²,

Marković

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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In the present study, we quantitatively described and compared lower extremity neuromuscular patterns during level cycling (LC), 10 and 20% uphill cycling (UC). We hypothesized that both the timing and intensity of activity of selected lower extremity muscles will differ between steep (but not moderate slope) UC condition and LC. Twelve trained mountain bikers performed an experimental test with three different cycling conditions (level, 10% slope and 20% slope) with EMG monitoring of eight lower extremity muscles. Significant changes (p < 0.05) in muscle activation timing during 20% UC compared to LC (15° later onset and 39° earlier offset) were observed in m. rectus femoris (RF). Range of activity during 20% UC compared to LC was also significantly (p < 0.05) modified in m. vastus medialis, m. vastus lateralis (8° and 5° shorter) and m. biceps femoris (BF; 17° longer). Furthermore, a reduction of EMG activity level was observed for RF and m. tibialis anterior (TA) during 20% UC compared to LC (25 and 19%; p < 0.05), while the opposite effect was observed for m. gluteus maximus (GM; 12%; p < 0.05). Peak cross-correlation coefficients in all cycling conditions for all muscles were high (all coefficients ≥ 0.83). We have shown that altered body orientation during steep, but not moderate, slope UC significantly modified the timing and intensity of several lower extremity muscles, the most affected being those that cross the hip joint and TA. The observed modifications in neuromuscular patterns during 20% UC could have a significant effect on lower extremity joint kinetics and cycling efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Change of muscle activation patterns in uphill cycling of varying slope

Šarabon

Fonda²,

Marković

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…However, good agreement between the Monark and SRM PO values has been reported [4,20] Not tested. Can be altered by the same things that alter the validity No (4) the preferred pedalling cadence [26], (5) the load pulse sum [27], (6) the gross efficiency [26], and (7) the rating of perceived exertion [22,25]. If ergometers with different inertia of flywheels are used for measurements, the results of experiments cannot be compared with good validity [27].…”

Section: Not Tested Yesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…One of the most important factors is the inertial characteristics of the ergometer that can alter (1) the crank kinematics (e.g. cadence variability) [23,24], (2) the tangential crank force [24], (3) the crank torque [24,25], Lode (Excalibur Sport) [12,13] No mechanical validation, just tested from the comparison of the physiological data (oxygen consumption). No difference was found from 100 to 300 W…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original characteristics of a new cycle ergometer

Bertucci

Grappe²,

Crequy

2011

Sports Eng

Self Cite

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The aim of this study was to describe and validate a new cycling ergometer with original characteristics that allow the measurement of biomechanical variables with position and crank inertial load used by the cyclist in field condition. The braking pedalling force, that permitted the simulation of the resistance to the cyclist in the field, is performed with a brushless electric motor. The validity and the reproducibility of the power output measurements were compared with the widely accepted SRM powermeter. The results indicate that taking into account a systematic error, the measurements are valid compared with the SRM, and the reproducibility of the power output measurements is similar to the SRM. In conclusion, this ergometer is the only one that allows at the same time for (1) valid and reproducible power output measurements at submaximal intensity, (2) utilisation of the personal bicycle of the cyclist, and (3) simulation of the inertial characteristics of the road cycling.

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“…Using a conventional bicycle (outside of the laboratory) is a pleasurable of maintaining physical fitness. In their study, Bertucci et al [28] demonstrated that the muscular work of the lower limbs on a cycle ergometer does not significantly differ from the work on an outdoor bicycle. Therefore, in justified cases (under the supervision of a therapist), a stationary bicycle can be replaced with a bicycle for outdoor use that almost every person has.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Changes in Cycle Ergometer Settings on Bioelectrical Activity in Selected Muscles of the Lower Limbs

Staszkiewicz

Kawulak

Nosiadek

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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Introduction. The aim of this study was to measure the duration of biopotentials in selected muscles of the lower limbs, evaluate the time of elevated bioelectrical activity in these muscles, and identify similarities and differences in electrical phenomena that occur in the muscles for various external settings of a cycle ergometer. Material and methods. The study examined 10 healthy people (5 women and 5 men) aged from 20 to 30 years. A cycle ergometer and EMG apparatus were used in the experiment. The bioelectrical activity of six muscles of the lower limbs (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius caput mediale, and gastrocnemius caput laterale) was recorded for four different settings of the cycle ergometer (variable saddle height and method of foot attachment to pedals). The EMG records were presented with reference to the bicycle crankset rotation cycle. Conclusions. The study found that changing the height of the saddle of the cycle ergometer and the use of toe clips in the pedals caused changes in bioelectrical activity in the muscles. The adjustment of saddle height affected the duration of potentials more noticeably than the use of toe clips. Furthermore, only one period of elevated electrical activity in the muscles of the lower limbs was found in the pedalling cycle. The longest time of the presence of action potentials was recorded for the m. gastrocnemius caput laterale, whereas the shortest time was observed in the m. vastus medialis.

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Laboratory versus Outdoor Cycling Conditions: Differences in Pedaling Biomechanics

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Change of muscle activation patterns in uphill cycling of varying slope

Change of muscle activation patterns in uphill cycling of varying slope

Original characteristics of a new cycle ergometer

Effect of Changes in Cycle Ergometer Settings on Bioelectrical Activity in Selected Muscles of the Lower Limbs

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