Laboratory Evaluation of a Real-Time Coaxial Cable Casing Imager for Wellbore Integrity Monitoring

Li, Yurong; Nygaard, Runar; Cheng, Baokai; Zhu, Wenge; Xiao, Hai

doi:10.15530/urtec-2016-2423688

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For strain measurements, a single-mode holey optical fiber fabricated from silica (Hitachi Cable Ltd.) was spirally bonded to the surface of the cylindrical sample ( Figure S5). The fiber strain (ε f ) along the spiral path is related to the circumferential strain in the rock (ε c ) as follows (Li, 2016;Rambow et al, 2010): 10.1029/2018WR023415…”

Section: Experimental Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Zhang¹,

Xue²,

Park³

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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Monitoring the migration of pore pressure, deformation, and saturation plumes with effective tools is important for the storage and utilization of fluids in underground reservoirs, such as geological stores of carbon dioxide (CO2) and natural gas. Such tools would also verify the security of the fluid contained reservoir‐caprock system. Utilizing the swelling strain attributed to pressure buildup and the adsorption of supercritical CO2 on clay minerals, we tracked the fluid plume in a natural clay‐rich Tako sandstone at the laboratory core scale. The strain was measured by a high‐resolution distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) tool. The strain changes induced by CO2 adsorptions on clay minerals were significantly greater than those caused by pore pressure alone. The distribution of the swelling strain signals effectively captured the dynamic breakthrough of the CO2 plume from the high‐ to low‐permeability regions in the Tako sandstone. Besides revealing the in situ deformation state, the measured strain changes can track the movement of the CO2 plume as it enters the clay‐rich critical regions in the reservoir‐caprock system. The present findings and potential future applications of DFOSS in the field are expected to enhance the monitoring and management of underground fluid reservoirs.

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Section: Experimental Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Zhang¹,

Xue²,

Park³

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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“…Thus, it can be installed helically. The fiber strain (ε f ) along the spiral path can be calculated from the circumferential strain in the rock (ε c ; Li, 2016;Rambow et al, 2010):…”

Section: Rock Sample and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation‐Based Monitoring of Water Migration in Rocks Using Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing: A Laboratory Study

Zhang

Xue

2019

Water Resources Research

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Rock deformation induced by pore‐fluid pressure carries useful information about fluid flow owing to hydromechanical coupling. Thus, obtaining spatiotemporal changes in rock deformation could provide improved understanding of the fluid and pressure migration in aquifers or the role of fluid in the evolution of rainfall‐induced landslide. Here we deployed high‐resolution Rayleigh‐scattering‐type distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) to measure rock deformation while injecting water into low‐permeability dry sandstone. X‐ray computed tomography imaging was simultaneously used to visualize the water migration. DFOSS measurements showed the rock developed a dilation deformation that grew during water saturating process. The movement of water wetting front can be revealed by the changes in the measured distributed strain. Strain changes were shaped by poroelastic changes due to the fluid pressure buildup and swelling by the water–clay reaction (i.e., adsorption). The latter mechanism caused increase in the strain when water first entered the dry pore spaces and the change in pore pressure was slight. The mechanism continued contributed to the overall deformation to peak magnitude of ~600 μϵ together with poroelastic mechanism. However, after the rock was fully saturated, further deformation during the flow test can be explained by the poroelastic mechanism alone. Our study suggests that the two factors can be employed as signatures for effectively monitoring fluid behavior in natural sediments using DFOSS. Moreover, we obtained the spatial hydromechanical properties, permeability and stiffness, from the distributed strain measurement and pressure responses. Using DFOSS in the field may substantially improve our ability to monitor and model fluid activity related to rock deformations in reservoirs and rainfall‐induced landslides that would help in warning people of risks and preventing disasters.

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“…To improve the system's sensitivity for casing strain below 1000 με, one of the solutions is to reduce the sensor wrapping angle so that larger strain would be generated on the sensor. The current wrapping angle of the sensor is 23 degrees, and the casing strain to sensor strain correlation is represented by Eqn ,

ε = K (1 - \sqrt{{prefixsin}^{2} θ {(1 - ε_{a})}^{2} + {prefixcos}^{2} θ {(1 + ν ε_{a})}^{2}})

where ε is the sensor strain;

ε_{a}

is the casing axial strain; ν is the Poisson's ratio of the casing material; θ is the wrapping angle of the sensor; K is the bonding factor between casing and sensor, which represents how well the casing strain is reflected on strain sensors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real‐time casing deformation monitoring systems based on distributed strain sensors have been developed, such as the Sureview TM system, which has been tested both in laboratory and in pilot field trials, and the coaxial cable casing imager which was recently developed based on a similar working mechanism as the Sureview TM system and was evaluated in laboratory. A sketch of the coaxial cable casing imager is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical study on the feasibility of evaluating CO₂injection wellbore integrity through casing deformation monitoring

Nygaard

2017

Greenhouse Gases

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Distributed sensing technologies have been increasingly used for downhole monitoring in the oil field in recent years. A casing deformation monitoring system based on distributed strain sensors has been developed and proposed for wellbore integrity monitoring. However, due to the lack of field data on casing deformation induced by various exploration and development activities, the relationship between casing deformation and wellbore integrity remains unclear. To study the feasibility of evaluating short‐term CO2 injection wellbore integrity through casing deformation monitoring, a staged finite element analysis is conducted for an existing well in the Weyburn field to study the relationship between casing deformation and wellbore integrity during CO2 injection. The model is generated with HypermeshTM and the analysis is conducted with AbaqusTM. The staged finite element model applies loads and materials in multiple steps to replicate the actual drilling process. The wellbore stress, casing strain, and interface gap distance change at the surface casing shoe and production casing shoe are calculated. A parametric study is also conducted to study the effect of various parameters on CO2 injection wellbore integrity in the Weyburn field. The result shows that the casing deformation can be correlated to the wellbore integrity by cement expansion/shrinkage through its effect on the interface gap distance change and the stress difference between wellbore components induced by CO2 injection. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Laboratory Evaluation of a Real-Time Coaxial Cable Casing Imager for Wellbore Integrity Monitoring

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Deformation‐Based Monitoring of Water Migration in Rocks Using Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing: A Laboratory Study

A numerical study on the feasibility of evaluating CO₂injection wellbore integrity through casing deformation monitoring

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Laboratory Evaluation of a Real-Time Coaxial Cable Casing Imager for Wellbore Integrity Monitoring

Cited by 6 publications

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Tracking CO2 Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Tracking CO2 Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Deformation‐Based Monitoring of Water Migration in Rocks Using Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing: A Laboratory Study

A numerical study on the feasibility of evaluating CO2injection wellbore integrity through casing deformation monitoring

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Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

A numerical study on the feasibility of evaluating CO₂injection wellbore integrity through casing deformation monitoring