Lab-scale evaluations on formation of products of incomplete combustion in hazardous waste incineration: influence of process variables

Abstract

Laboratory investigations have been carried out to study the influence of process failure modes on organics emission during the incineration of hazardous sludge. The thermal, temporal and fuel-oxidant mixing failure modes were tested. They were simulated by holding the first combustion temperature at 400°C and varying the after-burning one between 600 and 1100°C, the after-burning residence time between 1 and 3 s and the excess air between 30 and 160%. Results showed that the thermal failure mode is the most important factor controlling the number and concentration of emitted organics leading to the formation of over 70 compounds at after-burning temperature of 600°C. At higher after-burning temperatures emissions are controlled by the fuel-oxidant mixing failure mode and, only when the after-burning is 800°C and the oxygen is 160% over the stoichiometric value, by the temporal failure mode. Based on results obtained some suggestions for reducing emissions of toxic organics in full-scale incinerators are given.

Thermal degradation of synthetic lubricants under oxidative pyrolytic conditions

“…Among the simple aromatics, benzene is the most abundant because of its high thermal stability which, as is already known [19,20], once formed, is degraded thermally very slowly. The benzene thermal profiles (Fig.…”

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

“…Further research carried out by other scientists [11][12][13][14] proved the presence of more than 350 chemical (organic) compounds of various types in flue gases from waste incineration plants in concentrations greater than 5 g/m 3 .…”

Advances in Chemical Engineering

“…The result of these reactions, which proceed outside the combustion zone, is the presence of pollutants in the flue gas, among others such as (Eduljee, 1994 Subsequent studies conducted by other researchers (Wienecke et al, 1995, Jay & Stieglitz, 1995, Mascolo et al, 1997, Trenholm 1998 showed the presence of more than 350 different types of chemical compounds (organic) in the flue gases from the waste incineration plants in concentrations above 5 µg/m 3 . Similar results were obtained for burning of wood and other biomass.…”