Lab on a tip: Applications of functional atomic force microscopy for the study of electrical properties in biology

Cheong, Ling‐Zhi; Zhao, Weidong; Song, Shuang; Shen, Cai

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.023

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The fact that they posess these properties served as additional proof that the crystal structures are not centrosymmetric, which was important at the times when the develop-ment of the diffraction technique did not allow for confidence in the coordinates of H-atoms in the structure. Since that time interest in the physical properties of the crystalline amino acids has grown enormously, in view of their potential applications as functional materials, [236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246] to understand the biophysical processes [86,247,248] and to create new biomedical materials. [86,246,[249][250][251][252][253][254][255] While the piezoelectric properties of individual single crystals of γ-glycine are fascinating, so too are the physical properties of its assemblies (powder samples).…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine: The Gift that Keeps on Giving

Boldyreva

2021

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Glycine is a small molecule. It cannot change its conformation and is achiral. Despite the apparent simplicity, glycine shows endless diversity in its behavior over many phenomena. It was the first amino acid for which polymorphism was reported, first on crystallization and then on hydrostatic compression. The polymorphs differ in their physical properties and their biological activity. Glycine clusters persist in solution, leading to "solution memory". Phenomena at interfaces are critically important for crystal growth, dissolution, and for physical properties, which can be at times unexpected, like polarity in centrosymmetric αpolymorph. It is a great pleasure to remind of these remarkable phenomena in a special issue honoring professors Meir Lahav and Leslie Leiserowitz, who pioneered the study of the behavior of this unique molecule in many respects, and showed how complex and non-trivial phenomena can be at interfaces: between phases and between research fields.

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Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine: The Gift that Keeps on Giving

Boldyreva

2021

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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“…Particularly, C‐AFM provides expedience for the measurements of various samples such as metal, semiconductor, or insulator, which is a lumping step forward based on the present microscope technology . As depicted in schematic diagram ( Figure 1 ), when a bias voltage between the conductive tip and sample is applied during the scan of sample surface, a loop among the substrate, sample, and tip is formed and the current flowing through the probe is detected subsequently. In this regard, the generated electrostatic force between tip and sample unremittingly bends the cantilever beam.…”

Section: Basic Working Principles Of C‐afm Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Metal halide perovskite materials, benefiting from a combination of outstanding optoelectronic properties and low‐cost solution‐preparation processes, show tremendous potential for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. However, the nanoscale inhomogeneities of the electronic properties of perovskite materials cause a number of difficulties, such as recombination, stability, and hysteresis, all of which seriously restrict device performance. Scanning probe microscopy, as a high‐resolution imaging technique, has been widely used to connect local properties and micro‐area morphologies to overall device performance. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) can realize a real‐space visualization of topography coupled with optoelectronic properties on a microscopic scale and thereby is uniquely suited to probe the local effects of perovskite materials and devices. The fundamental principles, alternative operation modes, and development of C‐AFM are comprehensively reviewed, and applications in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for electronic transport behavior, ion migration and hysteresis, ferroelectric polarization, and facet orientation investigation are discussed. A comprehensive understanding and summary of up‐to‐date applications in PSCs is beneficial to further fully exploit the potential of such an emerging technique, so as to provide a novel and effective approach for perovskite materials analysis.

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“…For obvious reasons, peak force QNM mode has revolutionized the process of AFM characterization of biological specimens and made it considerably high throughput. Figure 1D demonstrates various applications of bio-AFM (Hoh and Hansma 1992;Shao and Yang 1995;Czajkowsky et al, 2000;Hansma 2001;Goldsbury and Scheuring 2002;Malkin et al, 2002;Alonso and Goldmann 2003;Besch et al, 2003;Gadegaard 2006;Shahin and Barrera 2008;Goldsbury et al, 2009;Ramachandran et al, 2011;Kreplak 2016;Dufrene et al, 2017;Braet and Taatjes 2018;Gao et al, 2018;Cheong et al, 2019;Nandi and Ainavarapu 2021), and we are about to summarize these in this review. Unlike the AFM imaging modes where the probe is scanned over the surface of the substrate, the cantilever tip is first approached toward the substrate until tip-sample contact happens and then retracted in AFM dynamic force spectroscopy (AFM-DFS) (Sulchek et al, 2005;Neuert et al, 2006;Thormann et al, 2006;Diezemann and Janshoff 2008;Alessandrini et al, 2012;Sengupta et al, 2014;Sluysmans et al, 2018;Ju 2019;Reiter-Scherer et al, 2019;Alhalhooly et al, 2021) and single-molecule force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS) experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensing, Characterization of Biosensors, and Improved Drug Delivery Approaches Using Atomic Force Microscopy: A Review

Sarkar

2022

Front. Nanotechnol.

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Since its invention, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has come forth as a powerful member of the “scanning probe microscopy” (SPM) family and an unparallel platform for high-resolution imaging and characterization for inorganic and organic samples, especially biomolecules, biosensors, proteins, DNA, and live cells. AFM characterizes any sample by measuring interaction force between the AFM cantilever tip (the probe) and the sample surface, and it is advantageous over other SPM and electron micron microscopy techniques as it can visualize and characterize samples in liquid, ambient air, and vacuum. Therefore, it permits visualization of three-dimensional surface profiles of biological specimens in the near-physiological environment without sacrificing their native structures and functions and without using laborious sample preparation protocols such as freeze-drying, staining, metal coating, staining, or labeling. Biosensors are devices comprising a biological or biologically extracted material (assimilated in a physicochemical transducer) that are utilized to yield electronic signal proportional to the specific analyte concentration. These devices utilize particular biochemical reactions moderated by isolated tissues, enzymes, organelles, and immune system for detecting chemical compounds via thermal, optical, or electrical signals. Other than performing high-resolution imaging and nanomechanical characterization (e.g., determining Young’s modulus, adhesion, and deformation) of biosensors, AFM cantilever (with a ligand functionalized tip) can be transformed into a biosensor (microcantilever-based biosensors) to probe interactions with a particular receptors of choice on live cells at a single-molecule level (using AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy techniques) and determine interaction forces and binding kinetics of ligand receptor interactions. Targeted drug delivery systems or vehicles composed of nanoparticles are crucial in novel therapeutics. These systems leverage the idea of targeted delivery of the drug to the desired locations to reduce side effects. AFM is becoming an extremely useful tool in figuring out the topographical and nanomechanical properties of these nanoparticles and other drug delivery carriers. AFM also helps determine binding probabilities and interaction forces of these drug delivery carriers with the targeted receptors and choose the better agent for drug delivery vehicle by introducing competitive binding. In this review, we summarize contributions made by us and other researchers so far that showcase AFM as biosensors, to characterize other sensors, to improve drug delivery approaches, and to discuss future possibilities.

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Lab on a tip: Applications of functional atomic force microscopy for the study of electrical properties in biology

Cited by 30 publications

References 156 publications

Glycine: The Gift that Keeps on Giving

Glycine: The Gift that Keeps on Giving

Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells

Biosensing, Characterization of Biosensors, and Improved Drug Delivery Approaches Using Atomic Force Microscopy: A Review

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