La utilización de cadáveres y órganos en la investigación y docencia médica. Lecciones de la historia

Anatomical prosection practices in the Occupational Therapy degree. Student anxiety levels and academic effectiveness

“…There is currently some degree of controversy among anatomists regarding what the best methods are for the teaching-learning process in this discipline, and in particular about whether human cadavers should remain the main focus of human anatomy training (Patel et al, 2015;Mompeó-Corredera, 2014;Biassutto et al, 2006;Sandor et al, 2015;Redwood and Townsend, 2011). This has led to a search for alternative educational strategies, although the central role of human dissection practices in medical training has remained unchanged (González-López and Cuerda Galindo, 2012;Lempp, 2005;Qamar and Osama, 2014;Dissabandara et al, 2015;Ghosh, 2015).…”

“…The practice of anatomical dissection on human cadavers has a long tradition in medical school programmes (Ghosh, 2015), but it is not such a frequent part of the training in other Health Sciences disciplines (i.e., Nursing, Physiotherapy, Speech and Language Therapy, or Occupational Therapy). In these cases, access to practices might be limited by technical questions or by lack of materials and human resources (Vidal et al, 2016;González-López and Cuerda-Galindo, 2012). This has been the case with Occupational Therapy, where the fairly recent introduction of prosection has proven very popular with students, who consider that it gives them a better understanding of the human body (Horne et al, 1990;Miguel-Perez et al, 2007;Bati et al, 2013;Lempp, 2005;Sandor et al, 2015;Arráez-Aybar et al, 2004b.…”

“…Practices on human cadavers are one of the students' first professional contacts with death, and therefore they can generate stress and anxiety responses (Miguel-Perez et al, 2007;González-López and Cuerda-Galindo, 2012;Leboulanger, 2011;Bob et al, 2015;Bati et al, 2013;Arráez-Aybar et al, 2004a). However, the experience in itself is perceived as very useful for their training, since the cadaver represents an "almost perfect model" (Vidal et al, 2016), better than any alternative material according to 76% of the students (Mompeó-Corredera, 2014;Sandor et al, 2015;Qamar and Osama, 2014).…”

The Effect of Visualization Techniques on Students of Occupational Therapy during the First Visit to the Dissection Room

“…Nevertheless, they can be a stressful experience due to seeing, touching, and feeling anatomical preparations, and can involve various moral issues [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The practical classes carried out in an anatomical dissection room are usually part of the study plans of medicine degrees but not of other degrees related to human sciences, such as occupational therapy, where the organization of these practices is complex for technical reasons [ 15 , 16 ]. Dissections or prosections performed on a human body are some of the first death experiences of future professionals, which can sometimes cause anxiety and stress [ 1 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…The practical classes carried out in an anatomical dissection room are usually part of the study plans of medicine degrees but not of other degrees related to human sciences, such as occupational therapy, where the organization of these practices is complex for technical reasons [ 15 , 16 ]. Dissections or prosections performed on a human body are some of the first death experiences of future professionals, which can sometimes cause anxiety and stress [ 1 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 ]. Reactive feelings and anxiety levels related to the dissection room have been studied on different continents and to varying degrees, and also with the implementation of various coping techniques [ 1 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”