KSHV antibodies among Americans, Italians and Ugandans with and without Kaposi's sarcoma

Gao, Shou‐Jiang; Kingsley, Lawrence A.; Li, Ming; Wang, Zheng; Parravicini, Carlo; Ziegler, John L.; Newton, Robert; Rinaldo, Charles R.; Saah, Alfred J.; Phair, John P.; Detels, Roger; Chang, Yuan; Moore, Patrick S.

doi:10.1038/nm0896-925

Cited by 750 publications

(566 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A body-cavity-related B-cell lymphoma cell, BCP-1, which is positive for KSHV and negative for Epstein -Barr virus, was used for an indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect IgG antibodies against KSHV antigen (Gao et al, 1996;Boshoff et al, 1998). Latently infected BCP-1 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and were made permeable with 0.2% Triton X-100.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the slides were washed in phosphate-buffered saline with 3% foetal calf serum, rabbit antihuman IgG labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (Dako, High Wycombe, UK), diluted 1 : 40 in phosphate-buffered saline with 3% foetal calf serum, was added and the slides were incubated at 228C for 20 min. The slides were then washed in phosphate-buffered saline without foetal calf serum and screened by ultraviolet microscopy for the nuclear stippling pattern characteristic of antibodies against the latent nuclear antigen of KSHV encoded by orf73 (Gao et al, 1996). In total, 416 samples were available for testing for antibodies against KSHV (32 cases and 384 controls).…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there were sufficient sera for 453 of those to be tested for antibodies against HPV-18 and -45 (39 cases and 414 controls). (Gao et al, 1996; Boshoff et al, 1998). Latently infected BCP-1 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and were made permeable with 0.2% Triton X-100.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda

et al. 2002

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As part of a larger investigation of cancer in Uganda, we conducted a case -control study of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in adults presenting at hospitals in Kampala. Participants were interviewed about social and lifestyle factors and had blood tested for antibodies to HIV, . The odds of each factor among 60 people with conjunctival cancer was compared to that among 1214 controls with other cancer sites or types, using odds ratios, estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Conjunctival cancer was associated with HIV infection (OR 10.1, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 5.2 -19.4; P50.001), and was less common in those with a higher personal income (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3 -1.2; P50.001). The risk of conjunctival cancer increased with increasing time spent in cultivation and therefore in direct sunlight (w 2 trend=3.9, P=0.05), but decreased with decreasing age at leaving home (w 2 trend=3.9, P=0.05), perhaps reflecting less exposure to sunlight consequent to working in towns, although both results were of borderline statistical significance. To reduce confounding, sexual and reproductive variables were examined among HIV seropositive individuals only. Cases were more likely than controls to report that they had given or received gifts for sex (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2 -10.4; P=0.03), but this may have been a chance finding as no other sexual or reproductive variable was associated with conjunctival cancer, including the number of self-reported lifetime sexual partners (P=0.4). The seroprevalence of antibodies against HPV-18 and -45 was too low to make reliable conclusions. The presence of anti-HPV-16 antibodies was not significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.5 -4.3; P=0.5) and nor were anti-KSHV antibodies (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4 -2.1; P=0.8). The 10-fold increased risk of conjunctival cancer in HIV infected individuals is similar to results from other studies. Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is thought to be an extreme form of a spectrum of clinical conditions, collectively known as 'ocular surface squamous neoplasias', which range in severity from mild dysplasia, to carcinoma in situ and, ultimately, to invasive carcinoma. Symptoms can range from none, to severe pain and visual loss. Lesions generally arise on exposed areas of the eye, particularly on the nasal side, and treatment involves local excision, or in more severe cases, orbital clearance. Metastases are rare and the prognosis is usually favourable.Although relatively rare everywhere, conjunctival carcinoma is more frequent in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Uganda offers a good setting in which to investigate the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva, because the tumour was relatively frequent there, even before the onset of the HIV epidemic (Templeton, 1973;Wabinga et al, 2000). In this report, we examine the association of conjunctival tumours with over 50 possible risk factors, including evidence of infection with HIV-1, HPV-16, -18 and -45 and Kaposi's sarcoma-associa...

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Section: Laboratory Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda

et al. 2002

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“…HIV-infected patients. have indicated that prexalence of HHV-8 correlates with KS occurrence (Gao et al 1996: Simpson et al 1996. This suggests that disease occurrence may reflect xirus prevalence.…”

Section: A) Prexvious Follow--upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence rates of classical Kaposi's sarcoma and multiple myeloma do not correlate

Hjalgrim

Frisch²,

Melbye³

1998

Br J Cancer

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Summary We compared population-based incidence rates for classical Kaposis sarcoma and multiple myeloma. Neither for men (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) = 0.01, P = 0.97, 13 pairs) nor for women (r = 0.24, P = 0.42, 13 pairs) did the incidences of the two conditions correlate. This absence of correlation does not support the hypothesis that Kaposi's sarcoma and multiple myeloma share a common aetiology, such as HHV-8.

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“…(Chang et al, 1994;Gao et al, 1996). Such serological investigations were beyond the scope of the present study, which has instead explored other factors that may locally increase the risk of developing CKS in an area of relatively high incidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of occupation and a past history of malaria in the etiology of classic Kaposi's sarcoma: a case-control study in north-east Sardinia

Cottoni

Masala²,

Budroni³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

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Summary A case-control study was performed to determine the role of rural factors including occupation and previous malaria exposure in the development of classic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS) in a high incidence area of Europe. The occurrence of CKS association with other malignancies was also examined. The results showed that the risk of having CKS was significantly increased in subjects farming cereals, while a previous history of malaria did not influence the risk of developing CKS. A near-significant increase in associated tumours was found.Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma; occupation; malaria; mycotoxin The high incidence of classic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS) in northeast Sardinia (Cottoni et al, 1996) and of tumours other than Kaposi's sarcoma was also elicited. Occupation was classified on the basis of the main occupation before retirement; as all animal breeders (except two subjects) were also farmers, occupation was recoded as a dichotomous variate contrasting farner/breeder with other jobs.As cases and controls came from rural areas in which most people breed animals or are involved in agricultural work, even if this is not their main occupation, when studying the effect of specific types of breeding or farming, a subject was classified in a particular class of fanner/breeder if he/she had been involved with the activity for more than 5 years. Statistical analysisTo assess the effect of potential risk factors on the likelihood of CKS, a conditional logistic regression model was fitted to the data (Breslow and Day, 1980;McCullagh and Nelder, 1989) using the dichotomous case-control indicator as the dependent variable and the potential risk factors as the independent variables. The matched sets indicator (40 sets of one case and three controls) was used as a stratification factor. The effect of each factor was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and associated probability values. Unadjusted and adjusted ORs were calculated via maximum-likelihood procedures, using EGRET software (Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation (SERC), 1988). RESULTSOf the subjects, 20% were women (eight cases and 24 controls); the mean ages (s.d.) for cases and controls were 71.4 (11.2) and 70.7 (12.9) years respectively. Table 1 displays the distribution of the main potential risk factors for cases and controls and the unadjusted estimates of the relative risk (OR).When considered alone, the factors that seemed to be most associated with the risk of having CKS were: specific types of agricultural activity, such as farming cereals (OR 3.9, P = 0.005) or grapes and fruit OR 2.3, P = 0.07) or breeding horses (OR 4.5, P = 0.09), 1518

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KSHV antibodies among Americans, Italians and Ugandans with and without Kaposi's sarcoma

Cited by 750 publications

References 12 publications

The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda

The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda

Incidence rates of classical Kaposi's sarcoma and multiple myeloma do not correlate

The role of occupation and a past history of malaria in the etiology of classic Kaposi's sarcoma: a case-control study in north-east Sardinia

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