KODA, an α-ketol derivative of linolenic acid provides wide recovery ability of wheat against various abiotic stresses

Abstract

In this study the application of α-ketol derivative of linolenic acid, KODA, was investigated in terms of root growth, plant development and crop production in response to CaCO 3-imposed high pH (8.5) and drought, two major abiotic stresses for wheat production in Afghanistan. Two spring wheat cultivars, the Japanese cultivar Yumeshiho and a cultivar from Kihara Afghan wheat landraces (KAWLR) with long root (LR-504; KU11202Bb), were used in a CaCO 3 experiment. Another set of spring wheat cultivars, a KAWLR with short root (SR-823; KU7533), a KAWLR with long root (LR-744; KU7453), and a non-Japanese modern cultivar Lalmi-2, were used in the drought experiment. KODA significantly enhanced root elongation in Yumeshiho under CaCO 3-imposed alkalinity conditions. For the drought experiment, KODA significantly increased seed germination in all cultivars. KODA-treated plants had increased root and shoot growth in normal culture conditions and greater recovery from drought, with the greatest root length in Lalmi-2 (43-51%). Interestingly, KODA-treated plants tends to increase production, in terms of an increase in productive tillers, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per plant. The recovery rates for plants that received KODA, in terms of grain weight per plant, were 2.5-3% in Lalmi-2, 13-15% in SR-823, and 11-13% in LR-744. In preliminary investigation, KODA-treated root showed moderate increasement and stability in wheat root expansisn genes under normal culture condition. These KODA-mediated physiological traits could be useful to efficiently uptake water and nutrients, and promote stable production in response to drought and high carbonate alkaline 3 soils worldwide.

Comparative Proteomics of Potato Cultivars with a Variable Dormancy Period

“…The product of 9-LOX is oxylipin 9-HPODE, the highly specific substrate of the enzyme allene oxide synthase 3 (StAOS3). The main product of these chain reactions is α-ketol, also named KODA in other species [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. It has been speculated that α-ketol could play a role in the regulation of tuber growth [ 62 ].…”

“…It is also known that α-ketol alters seed physiology. In this regard, treatments with α-ketol increase seed wheat germination even in drought conditions [ 74 ].…”

Developing a platform for production of the oxylipin KODA in plants

“…to supply α-linolenic acid) and/or curbs KODA degradation. This also explains why KODA contributes to recovery of plants from stress ( Haque et al , 2016 ).…”

“…The application of KODA was initially shown to promote flowering in various plants such as Lemna paucicostata ( Yokoyama et al , 2000 ), Malus pamila ( Kittikorn et al , 2011 , 2013 ), Citrus unshiu ( Nakajima et al , 2016 ), and Pharbitis nil ( Ono et al , 2013 ). KODA also promotes rooting ( Kawakami et al , 2015 ), re-shooting after dormancy ( Sakamoto et al , 2010 , 2012 ; Nakajima et al , 2016 ), and it also increases wheat yield ( Haque et al , 2016 ) and enhances the resistance of certain herbaceous plants to pathogens ( Endo et al , 2013 ; Wang et al , 2016 , 2020 ). Although these findings suggest the agricultural usefulness of KODA, technical innovation is still needed to decrease the manufacturing cost, thereby ensuring a sufficient supply for practical uses of KODA in agriculture.…”