Known plaintext attack on double random phase encoding using fingerprint as key and a method for avoiding the attack

Abstract

We have shown that the application of double random phase encoding (DRPE) to biometrics enables the use of biometrics as cipher keys for binary data encryption. However, DRPE is reported to be vulnerable to known-plaintext attacks (KPAs) using a phase recovery algorithm. In this study, we investigated the vulnerability of DRPE using fingerprints as cipher keys to the KPAs. By means of computational experiments, we estimated the encryption key and restored the fingerprint image using the estimated key. Further, we propose a method for avoiding the KPA on the DRPE that employs the phase retrieval algorithm. The proposed method makes the amplitude component of the encrypted image constant in order to prevent the amplitude component of the encrypted image from being used as a clue for phase retrieval. Computational experiments showed that the proposed method not only avoids revealing the cipher key and the fingerprint but also serves as a sufficiently accurate verification system.

Optical encryption in the longitudinal domain of focused fields

“…Despite the fact that a plurality of attacks have been designed to break DRPE systems [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], different approaches were suggested to improved security in DRPE. For instance, it has been demonstrated that quantum encryption systems that works with few photons are very secure [31,32].…”

“…Consequently, additional improvements with optical security techniques [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] could be adapted to be used with focused beams. To avoid conventional attacks against the information encrypted in the longitudinal component [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], the use of quantum imaging techniques is suggested [31][32][33].…”

Security authentication with a three-dimensional optical phase code using random forest classifier

“…This area of research includes image encryption [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], authentication [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and compression or secure storage [25,26]. Authenticating sensitive information is critical to discovering tampering caused by a miscreant.…”

Image encryption based on nonlinear encryption system and public-key cryptography

“…The most common encryption schemes were double random phase encoding combining other encryption method, which could improve security of the cryptosystem. Because of double random phase encoding system was linear, some researchers proposed various attack schemes [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In recent years, authentication and verification based on DRPE and photon counting imaging techniques [6][7][8][9] and ghost imaging [17][18][19][20][21][22] have attracted the interest of the research community.…”