Known drugs and small molecules in the battle for COVID-19 treatment

Πανουτσόπουλος, Αλέξιος

doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.007

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Similar observations were found in other studies, e.g., that the proportion of smokers among hospitalized patients was lower than the prevalence in the respective population would suggest [ 5 ]. There have been previous discussions nourished through other study results whether a protective value of nicotine, and thus smoking, could be presumed [ 6 – 8 ]. Ultimately, however, only insufficient robust data were available to derive any real recommendations from this information [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

qSOFA score poorly predicts critical progression in COVID-19 patients

Heldt

Neuböck

Kainzbauer

et al. 2021

Wien Med Wochenschr

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Summary Background In December 2019, the new virus infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged. Simple clinical risk scores may improve the management of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, which is well established for other diseases, as an early risk assessment tool predicting a severe course of COVID-19. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March and July 2020. A critical disease progress was defined as admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or death. Results Of 64 COVID-19 patients, 33% (21/64) had a critical disease progression from which 13 patients had to be transferred to ICU. The COVID-19-associated mortality rate was 20%, increasing to 39% after ICU admission. All patients without a critical progress had a qSOFA score ≤ 1 at admission. Patients with a critical progress had in only 14% (3/21) and in 20% (3/15) of cases a qSOFA score ≥ 2 at admission (p = 0.023) or when measured directly before critical progression, respectively, while 95% (20/21) of patients with critical progress had an impairment oxygen saturation (SO2) at admission time requiring oxygen supplementation. Conclusion A low qSOFA score cannot be used to assume short-term stable or noncritical disease status in COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

qSOFA score poorly predicts critical progression in COVID-19 patients

Heldt

Neuböck

Kainzbauer

et al. 2021

Wien Med Wochenschr

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“…The FDA approved malaria drugs, including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, but withdrew the authorization of these drugs against COVID-19 as found they were ineffective in later studies [ 9 ]. Similarly, Ivermectin and famotidine were also tested but found ineffective against COVID-19 [ 10 ]. Avigan, a potent inhibitor of many RNA viruses, was reported to shorten the recovery time but has several side effects such as anaphylactic shock and pneumonia [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing the inhibitors of COVID-19 key proteins through molecular docking approach

Alghamdi

Attique

Yan

et al. 2021

Process Biochemistry

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“…SARS-CoV2 is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, which belongs to the Coronavirus family. Previously also, two species of coronavirus namely SARS and MERS have caused disease in humans [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking May Increase the Risk of COVID-19 Infection: Evidence from In Silico Analysis

Jamal

Khan

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Introduction: SARS-CoV2, first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan as COVID-19 causing respiratory illness, rapidly evolved into a pandemic owing to its very high infectivity. There is insufficient evidence about if and how smoking affects the risk of COVID-19 infection, and the reports on whether smoking increases or reduces the risk of respiratory infections, are contradictory. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the effects of nicotine consumption on the infectivity of COVID-19. Methods: We performed in silico computer simulation-based study. The structures of SARS-CoV2spike ectodomain, and its receptor ACE2, were obtained from PDB. The structure of nicotine and its metabolites NNK and NNAL were obtained from the PubChem chemical database. After optimization, they were interacted using AutoDock 4.2, to see the effect of nicotine, NNK, or NNAL presence on the docking of viral spike protein to its receptor ACE2. Results: ACE2 vs spike protein interaction results were used as a control (ZDOCK score 1498.484, with four hydrogen bonds). The NNK+ACE2 vs spike protein docking formed 10 hydrogen bonds with the highest ZDOCK score of 1515.564. NNAL+ ACE2 vs spike protein interaction formed eleven hydrogen bonds with the ZDOCK score of 1499.371. Nicotine+ACE2 vs spike protein docking showed the lowest ZDOCK score of 1496.302 and formed 8 hydrogen bonds. Whereas, NNK+spike vs ACE2 interaction had a ZDOCK score of 1498.490 and formed eight hydrogen bonds. NNAL+spike vs ACE2 docking formed eleven hydrogen bonds with a ZDOCK score of 1498.482. And Nicotine+spike vs ACE2 interaction showed a ZDOCK score of 1498.488 and formed 9 hydrogen bonds. Conclusions: The binding of nicotine to either spike of virus or its receptor ACE2 is not affecting the viral docking with the receptor. But binding of NNK, a metabolite of nicotine, is facilitating the viral docking with its receptor indicating that smoking may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection.

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Known drugs and small molecules in the battle for COVID-19 treatment

Cited by 18 publications

References 61 publications

qSOFA score poorly predicts critical progression in COVID-19 patients

qSOFA score poorly predicts critical progression in COVID-19 patients

Repurposing the inhibitors of COVID-19 key proteins through molecular docking approach

Smoking May Increase the Risk of COVID-19 Infection: Evidence from In Silico Analysis

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