Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Parents About Immunization of Infants and Its Associated Factors in Wadla Woreda, North East Ethiopia, 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Improving infant immunization coverage and timeliness is a key health policy objective in many developing countries such as Ethiopia. Despite this, full immunization coverage in Ethiopia becomes low with the concurrent significant burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among infants. A previously published study acknowledged that parental knowledge, attitude, and practice towards infant immunization are vital issues to improve coverage and influence uptake. Objective: To assess parents' knowledge, attitude, practice, and its associated factors regarding immunization of infants at Wadla Woreda, North East Ethiopia, 2019. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 418 parents from March to April 2019 in Wadla Woreda, North East Ethiopia. A stratified sampling technique was used to approach the study subjects. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered in EPI-Info 7.2 and transferred to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables having a significant association with parental knowledge, attitude, and practice. Variables with a p-value of ≤0.05 and AOR with 95% CI were declared as having a statistically significant association during multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: In this study, 65.1%, 57.3%, and 55.3% of the parents had good knowledge, a favorable attitude, and good practice towards infant immunization, respectively. Parent's educational status (AOR=5.330), urban residency (AOR=2.788), favorable attitude (AOR=4.308) and got immunization service two-three times (AOR=3.227) and four-five times (AOR=2.254) were statistically associated with knowledge of parents. Parents who attend primary school [AOR=0.451) and secondary school [AOR=0.320), parents who were mothers of the child [AOR=3.813), and respondents who had good knowledge about infant immunization (AOR= 4.592) were significantly associated with a favorable parental attitude. Infant immunization practice was significantly associated with parental education who attend primary school (AOR=2.513), secondary school (AOR=2.546) and higher education (AOR=11.988), parents who had good knowledge of infant immunization (AOR= 4.206), and short waiting time (AOR=3.881). Conclusion and Recommendation:Parental KAP towards infant immunization was found to be lower than most of the study findings quoted in this study. Improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents about immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases was recommended by providing health education and health promotion interventions.

Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Childhood Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

“…It was found that the average knowledge score of the respondents in regard to childhood vaccination was good at 7.22±1.30 with an overall correct rate of 80.23%. This finding is similar with the results of two previous studies that were conducted in Saudi Arabia and North East Ethiopia, 31 , 32 which confirmed that respondents have good knowledge of childhood vaccination, know the importance of giving complete vaccinations to their children, and understand that vaccination is not harmful. Another similarity from these studies is the results highlighted positive correlations between parents’ level of education and occupational status with their knowledge.…”

“…34 , 35 This situation is relevant with the finding of three previous studies, which specifically highlighted that comprehensive information and guideline were still required by respondents who have positive attitudes towards childhood vaccinations. 31 , 32 , 36…”

“…Several studies confirmed that even though parents have good knowledge and attitude towards getting vaccinations for their children, several factors influencing their willingness to vaccinate their children remain evident, such as waiting time at health-care facilities and insurance services. 31 , 38 The COVID-19 pandemic might worsen this situation. Previously, the MoH confirmed that 84% of all health facilities reported immunization service interruption with observed bottlenecks at multiple levels.…”

A National Cross-Sectional Study from the Republic of Kosovo on Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) to Evaluate the Vaccination Status of Children Between 12 and 24 Months of Age During 2018 to 2020

“…This appears to contradict the findings of Silveira et al [ 23 ], but our study did not evaluate the social-economic status of interviewed families. On the other hand, a study by Gebre Eyesus et al [ 24 ] indicated that parents who received immunization service more times were more likely to be knowledgeable about vaccines than parents who received the service only once. This might be attributed to the health education provided by healthcare professionals during the visits.…”

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“…Ibu yang mempunyai sikap positif lebih banyak memberikan imunisasi dibandingkan dengan yang bersikao negatif. Lebih lanjut (Gebreyesus et al, 2021)menyimpulkan bahwa sikap orang tua berhubungan dengan pemberian imunisasi pada anak, yaitu 82,5% setuju untuk memberikan imunisasi lengkap pada anaknya.…”