Knock knees and bow legs.

Sharrard, W. J. W.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6013.826

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In most patients, these deformities are within the range of physiological development and show spontaneous correction. Besides racial dierences, the normal leg axis, with a variation of the tibiofemoral angle of 4 and 6°of valgus, must be distinguished from pathological conditions [8,12,14,15,23,25,31]. Limb length discrepancy has an adverse eect on the musculoskeletal system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correction of length discrepancies and angular deformities of the leg by Blount's epiphyseal stapling

et al. 2001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the causal event is unknown, the angular deviation is termed idiopathic. Recommendations in the literature for treatment depend on the cause and severity of the deformity from bracing, supracondylar or proximal tibial osteotomy to temporary or permanent epiphysiodesis to create a horizontal joint surface for weight-bearing [25,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction of length discrepancies and angular deformities of the leg by Blount's epiphyseal stapling

et al. 2001

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“…These parameters have been evaluated using radiological, photographic and clinical measurement with a goniometer. 2-7 Although each method has its advantages and disadvantages, the clinical method is widely used as it is non-invasive, easy, reliable and reproducible. 3-6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children

Mathew

Madhuri

2013

Bone & Joint Research

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ObjectivesThe development of tibiofemoral angle in children has shown ethnic variations. However this data is unavailable for our population.MethodsWe measured the tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and intercondylar and intermalleolar distances in 360 children aged between two and 18 years, dividing them into six interrupted age group intervals: two to three years; five to six years; eight to nine years; 11 to 12 years; 14 to 15 years; and 17 to 18 years. Each age group comprised 30 boys and 30 girls. Other variables recorded included standing height, sitting height, weight, thigh length, leg length and length of the lower limb.ResultsChildren aged two to three years had a valgus angulation with a mean TFA of 1.8° (sd 0.65) in boys and 2.45° (sd 0.87) in girls. Peak valgus was seen in the five- to six-year age group, with mean TFAs of 6.7° (sd 1.3) and 7.25° (sd 0.64) for boys and girls, respectively. From this age the values gradually declined to a mean of 3.18° (sd 1.74) and 4.43° (sd 0.68) for boys and girls, respectively, at 17 to 18 years. Girls showed a higher valgus angulation than boys at all age groups.ConclusionThis study defines the normal range of the TFA in south Indian boys and girls using an easy and reliable technique of measurement with a standardised custom-made goniometer.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:155–61.

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“…1. Average displacement in x-axis in one gait cycle (cm) 4 The first 3 principal components were used for the analysis described later. The cumulative contribution ratio of the first 3 components is 0.667 and this seems to be a bit small, however, it was proved to be sufficient as the data in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of the studies focus on the impaired gait of patients in relation to their disease or injury. For example, gait dynamics of the Parkinson's disease patients is extensively studied [1][2][3], and there are also many studies on the gait patterns with bowlegs and knock knees [4,5]. Though there are some studies on healthy human gait and many methodological improvements have been made [6][7][8][9], the body movement of walkers has not been extensively investigated and there is almost no study that tried to evaluate the functionality of heathy subjects in normal walking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gait analysis and machine learning classification on healthy subjects in normal walking

Shirakawa

Sugiyama²,

Satō

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Walking is one of the most fundamental activities of human, and there have already been many studies on human walking. However, most of the studies so far mainly focus on the impaired gait of the patients with some disease or injury, and thus there are not many studies on the gait patterns of healthy subjects. In this study, we performed a gait analysis on 113 healthy subjects in normal walking and tried to classify their walking patterns by using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. As a result, we got the basic data on the body movement of healthy walkers and the criteria for the evaluation and classification of unimpaired gait patterns.

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Knock knees and bow legs.

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Correction of length discrepancies and angular deformities of the leg by Blount's epiphyseal stapling

Correction of length discrepancies and angular deformities of the leg by Blount's epiphyseal stapling

Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children

Gait analysis and machine learning classification on healthy subjects in normal walking

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