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A viscosity model for the (NaF + AlF3+ CaF2+ Al2O3) electrolyte

“…The measurements of Urbain [53] were favoured in the present work, in agreement with the earlier optimization of the viscosity of pure liquid alumina from Jung et al [55]. Note that the measurements of Glorieux et al [54], obtained from a liquid droplet in aerodynamic levitation, have a reported accuracy of ±50%.…”

“…The calculated viscosity of pure liquid Al 2 O 3 is shown in figure 3, along with the available measurements [49][50][51][52][53][54]. As explained in section 2, the liquid model contains three types of aluminium cations (Al …”

Numerical Simulation of Fast Dynamic Laser-Surface Interaction during Laser-Induced Modification Processes of Ceramic Substrates

“…(13), which takes the evolution of the latent heat L at the melting or solidification front into account, contributes nonzero values only close to the melting point. For the calculations the surface tension coefficient of molten Al 2 O 3 , dσ /dT = −6× 10 −5 kg · s −2·• C −1 , and the viscosity of µ = 0.105 kg · m −1 · s −1 [7][8][9] have been used in the boundary condition, Eq. (6).…”

Measurement of Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Density at High Temperatures by Free-Fall Drop Oscillation

“…In addition to experiments under terrestrial conditions, levitation may be obtained in a costly microgravity environment. [11] An electromagnetic field, [12,13] acoustic force, [3] aerodynamic force, [6,14] electrostatic force, [15] or a hybrid force (such as combined electrostatic-aerodynamic field [16] ) is commonly used to levitate the liquid. The relation between the surface tension and the resonance frequency of oscillation for a spherical drop was first investigated by Rayleigh.…”

“…Therefore, they were able to calculate the ratio of melting enthalpy vs heat capacity, surface tension, and density of iron. Glorieux et al [14] implemented the CO 2 laser heating and an aerodynamic levitation to calculate the surface tension of liquid alumina. Their result is recognized as the first result for surface tension of alumina calculated independent of density.…”