Kinetics of aluminum extraction from Ti3AlC2 in hydrofluoric acid

Mashtalir, Olha; Naguib, Michael; Dyatkin, B. L.; Gogotsi, Yury; Barsoum, Michel W.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.01.008

Cited by 395 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[ 6,27 ] Tuning the etching conditions is important for achieving high yields and the complete conversion of MAX into MXene. Prolonged etching can result in the formation of defects, such as the holes observed in Figure 3 c in Ta 4 C 3 T x .…”

Section: Progress Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials

et al. 2013

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Recently a new, large family of two-dimensional (2D) early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, called MXenes, was discovered. MXenes are produced by selective etching of the A element from the MAX phases, which are metallically conductive, layered solids connected by strong metallic, ionic, and covalent bonds, such as Ti2 AlC, Ti3 AlC2 , and Ta4 AlC3 . MXenes -combine the metallic conductivity of transition metal carbides with the hydrophilic nature of their hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. In essence, they behave as "conductive clays". This article reviews progress-both -experimental and theoretical-on their synthesis, structure, properties, intercalation, delamination, and potential applications. MXenes are expected to be good candidates for a host of applications. They have already shown promising performance in electrochemical energy storage systems. A detailed outlook for future research on MXenes is also presented.

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Section: Progress Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials

et al. 2013

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“…MXenes-early transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, that are produced by the selective etching of the A layers from the MAX phases-represent the newest, and potentially largest, 2D family of solids [12][13][14][15]. The MAX phases, in turn, are a large ( > 70) family of layered ternary transition metal carbides, where M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group element (mostly groups 13 and 14), and X is C or/and N [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rendering Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) monolayers visible

Miranda

Halim

Lorke

et al. 2017

Materials Research Letters

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Herein we report on how to render Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) monolayers deposited on SiO 2 /Si wafers, with different SiO 2 thicknesses, visible. Inputting the effective thickness of a Ti 3 C 2 T x monolayer (1 ± 0.2 nm) measured by atomic force microscopy, and its refractive index into a Fresnel-law-based simulation software, we show that the optical contrast of Ti 3 C 2 T x monolayers deposited on SiO 2 /Si wafers depends on the SiO 2 thickness, number of MXene layers, and the light's wavelength. The highest contrast was found for SiO 2 thicknesses around 220 nm. Simulations for other substrates, namely, Al 2 O 3 /Si, HfO 2 /Si, Si 3 N 4 /Si and Al 2 O 3 /Al, are presented as supplementary information. IMPACT STATEMENTThe experimental and simulated color contrasts between Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) monoflakes deposited on SiO 2 of various thicknesses-under an optical microscope-were obtained for the first time. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The latter have a general formula of M n+1 AX n (n = 1, 2, 3), where M represents a transition metal; A usually represents a III A or IVA element (such as Al, Ga, Si, or Ge); and X represents C and/or N (9). The MXenes Ti 3 C 2 (10), Ti 2 C, Ta 4 C 3 , TiNbC, and (V 0.5 Cr 0.5 ) 3 C 2 (11), have been fabricated by immersing Al-containing MAX powders in HF solution at room or slightly elevated temperature (12). This synthesis procedure leads to the termination of MXene surfaces by primarily O and/or OH groups with some fluorine present.…”

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confidence: 99%