Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics of Proficient and Non-Proficient 2-Point and 3-Point Basketball Shooters

Čabarkapa, Dimitrije; Fry, A.; Cabarkapa, Damjana V.; Myers, Chloe A.; Jones, Grant T.; Deane, Michael A.

doi:10.3390/sports10010002

Cited by 12 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Cabarkapa et al [15] recently found that proficient shooters had higher elbow positioning when compared to non-proficient shooters during two-point shooting motions, which is similar to the findings of the present study. When entered into a full discriminant function model, elbow height showed as the key variable capable of classifying proficient from non-proficient two-point shooters; it accounted for approximately 52% of the total explained variance [15]. Besides higher elbow positioning, previous research has indicated that positioning the elbow under the ball in line with the basket (i.e., shooting plane of motion) can elicit further improvements in shooting accuracy [4,7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A cohort of participants examined in the present investigation were not novice players; they possessed at least an elementary knowledge regarding a proper shooting form (i.e., more than four years of basketball playing experience). No statistically significant differences observed in KA, EA, and AA for this subset of subjects can be interpreted that these kinematic adjustments were already implemented during both made and missed two-point and threepoint shooting attempts, which have been previously shown to be of critical importance for proper shooting form [11,15,20]. The same applies to the kinetic variables examined in the present study, where no significant differences in PCF, PLF, IMP, and RFD were observed between made and missed two-point and three-point jump shots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Peak landing forces among the NBA players were greater for the jump shot than the vertical jump [14]. Interestingly, no differences in peak concentric and landing forces, impulse, and rate of force development have been found between different types of jump shooting approaches (e.g., stationary, step-in) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Based on the methods used by Cabarkapa et al [15], upon arrival at the laboratory, participants performed a standardized warm-up procedure consisting of a set of dynamic stretching exercises (e.g., butt-kicks, quad pulls, lateral lunges, A-skips, walking quad stretch) and 5-10 practice shots from self-selected distances. While standing on a uni-axial force plate (0.91 m × 2.44 m, RoughDeck, Rice Lake, WI, USA), each participant performed 10 two-point (5.10 m) and 10 three-point shots (6.75 m), combining for a total of 580 attempts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Biomechanical Characteristics between Made and Missed Jump Shots in Male Basketball Players

et al. 2022

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While the importance of optimal two-point and three-point jump-shooting performance for securing the desired game outcome on various levels of basketball competition has been well documented, there is a limited amount of scientific literature on what biomechanical adjustments in shooting technique comprise the success of each shooting attempt. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the difference in kinetic and kinematic characteristics during the preparatory and release phases of the shooting motion between made and missed jump shots. While standing on a force plate, twenty-nine recreationally active males with prior basketball playing experience attempted 10 two-point and 10 three-point jump shots, combining for a total of 580 attempts. Simultaneously, two high-definition cameras were used to capture kinematic characteristics of interest. Higher elbow positioning during the preparatory phase of the shooting motion, relative to the shooter’s stature, was shown to be a critical kinematic adjustment that differentiated made from missed two-point jump shots. Alongside identical observations regarding the importance of the elbow placement, keeping the torso in a more erect position during the preparatory phase of the shooting motion, having a greater release angle and vertical jump height at the timepoint of the ball release, and attaining higher maximal trajectory height were critical kinematic adjustments that differentiated made from missed three-point jump shots.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Biomechanical Characteristics between Made and Missed Jump Shots in Male Basketball Players

et al. 2022

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Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in National Basketball Association Athletes and Their Effects on Player Performance

Morikawa,

Tummala,

Brinkman

et al. 2023

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Shoulder and elbow function is essential to basic basketball actions. Outside of anterior shoulder instability, injuries in these joints are not well characterized in National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology and associated risk factors of shoulder and elbow injuries in NBA players and identify factors that influence player performance upon return to play. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Historical injury data from the 2015-2020 NBA seasons were retrieved from Pro Sports Transactions, a public online database. An injury was defined as a health-related concern resulting in an absence of ≥1 NBA games. Primary measures included pre- and postinjury player efficiency rating (PER) and true shooting percentage (TS%) with interquartile ranges (IQRs), stratified by extremity dominance. Multivariate logistic regression analyses with stepwise regression were performed to identify risk factors associated with return-to-play performance. Results: A total of 192 shoulder and elbow injuries were sustained among 126 NBA athletes, with incidence rates of 1.11 per 1000 game exposures (GEs) and 0.30 per 1000 GEs, respectively. Sprain/strain and general soreness were the most common injury types in both the shoulder and the elbow. In the 2 years after injury, baseline PER was achieved in all groups, except for players with dominant shoulder injuries (baseline PER, 16 [IQR, 14-18] vs 2-year PER, 13 [IQR 11-16]; P = .012). Younger age was associated with quicker return to baseline PER (odds ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.67-0.88]). Shoulder and elbow injuries did not negatively influence TS% upon return to play (baseline TS%, 0.55% [IQR, 0.51%-0.58%] vs 1-year TS%, 0.55% [IQR, 0.52%-0.58%]; P = .13). Conclusion: Dominant shoulder injuries negatively influenced PER during the first 2 seasons upon return to play in NBA players. Therefore, expectations that players with this type of injury immediately achieve baseline statistical production should be tempered. Shooting accuracy appears to remain unaffected after shoulder or elbow injury.

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Changes in Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Metrics During a Game in Professional Male Basketball Players

Cabarkapa,

Johnson,

Cabarkapa

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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Cabarkapa, D, Johnson, QR, Cabarkapa, DV, Philipp, NM, Eserhaut, DA, and Fry, AC. Changes in countermovement vertical jump force-time metrics during a game in professional male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1326–1329, 2024—As technology within elite basketball advances and is more available to sporting organizations, novel approaches for assessing and addressing athletic performance during practice or competition are being continuously explored. The aim of this investigation was to examine changes in neuromuscular performance during live basketball play. Eight professional male basketball players volunteered to participate in this study. The testing procedures were conducted during a pre-tournament camp over a span of 2 days. During the first day, the athletes were familiarized with the testing procedures, and baseline measurements were obtained. Using a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz, each athlete performed 3 countermovement vertical jumps (CVJ) without an arm swing before proceeding with their regular training activities. During the second day of the pre-tournament camp, the athletes repeated identical CVJ testing procedures before the start of the first quarter and post-first, second, third, and fourth quarter of a simulated 5-on-5 basketball game. Repeated-measures testing design was used to examine statistically significant differences in various force-time metrics of interest in comparison to the baseline levels (p < 0.05). Besides a trivial decrease in eccentric mean force, the findings of this study revealed no statistically significant changes in any force-time metrics of interest within both eccentric and concentric phases of the CVJ (i.e., mean and peak force and power, jump height, impulse, velocity, and contraction time). Thus, we can conclude that these variables were not sensitive to acute fatigue, suggesting that the neuromuscular performances of professional male basketball players tend to remain unchanged throughout a 5-on-5 simulated game.

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Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics of Proficient and Non-Proficient 2-Point and 3-Point Basketball Shooters

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Differences in Biomechanical Characteristics between Made and Missed Jump Shots in Male Basketball Players

Differences in Biomechanical Characteristics between Made and Missed Jump Shots in Male Basketball Players

Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in National Basketball Association Athletes and Their Effects on Player Performance

Changes in Countermovement Vertical Jump Force-Time Metrics During a Game in Professional Male Basketball Players

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