Kinetic analysis of hemoglobin detergency by probability density functional method

Abstract

In this study, washing tests were performed using samples prepared by contaminating fabrics with hemoglobin, and a kinetic analysis was conducted based the probability density functional method, which expresses the cleaning power using two parameters σ rl (related to the cleaning mechanism) and μ rl (related to the level of cleaning power). This method allows for the processing of uncertainties specific to protein washing under the assumption that the soil adhesion and detergency are in accordance with a normal distribution. A certain amount of hemoglobin solution was soaked in a cloth, dried, and steam-treated, and then used as a sample for a cleaning test. Two parameters σ rl and μ rl were calculated based on the detergency (%) after 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, and 20 min of washing with respect to different pH and temperature levels, and different sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration and temperature levels. Based on the results, the value of σ rl indicated that the hemoglobin was removed by the dissolving action. In addition, μ rl increased in accordance with an increase in the pH, SDS concentration, and temperature. With respect to μ rl , the relationship of ΔX + ΔY = Δ(X+Y) was observed in several cases, where ΔX represents the effect of the pH or SDS concentration, ΔY is the temperature effect, and Δ(X+Y) is the combined effect. Therefore, there may be an additive relationship between the pH and temperature effects, and the SDS concentration and temperature effects.

Analysis of interaction between mechanical force and chemical effect in cleaning phenomenon by probability density functional method

“…Then, the calculated values of Δ X + Δ Y and the experimental value Δ( X + Y ) were compared (Table 2). As a result of comparing the calculated values and the experimental values for all combinations of the two conditions, which was improved method from the previous reports (Oya et al, 2020; Oya‐Hasegawa et al, 2021), it was found that Δ X + Δ Y and Δ( X + Y ) were almost close. Therefore, an addition law was observed between the pH and the stirring effect, and it was judged that the interaction between the two cleaning elements was an additive effect.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that the parameter σ rl is related to the type of dirt and the dirt removal mechanism (Fujimoto et al, 2017; Oya, 2019). Whereas, μ rl was used to determine the interaction between two different cleaning elements, and additive effect for protein soil (Oya et al, 2020) and synergistic effect for fatty acid soil (Oya‐Hasegawa et al, 2021), were observed with respect to temperature and pH effects. Although an additive effect between pH and agitation was estimated for fatty acid soil, sufficient data have not been obtained.…”

Evaluation of pH change effects on the HSA folding and its drug binding characteristics, a computational biology investigation

“…During simulation, all frames were employed to study the molecular behavior of HSA. Finally, generated trajectory files were analyzed for examination of structural characteristics of HSA in terms of root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD), 58 root‐mean‐square fluctuation (RMSF), 59 solvent accessible surface area (SASA), 60 the radius of gyration (Rg), 61 FEL, 62 PCA, 63 and PDF 64 …”

SARS‐CoV‐2 spike evolutionary behaviors; simulation of N501Y mutation outcomes in terms of immunogenicity and structural characteristic

“…To rigorously investigate the impact of the N501Y mutation on the folding characteristics of spike protein, structural alignment along with three functions including the probability density function (PDF), 46 contact map, 47 and tunnel analysis 48 were applied for the residues around the mutated position. PDF was examined based on dihedral angle and triangle area using G_Measure (v.0.8); in addition, contact maps for carbon alpha and tunnel analysis were analyzed by utilizing Pymod (v3.0) and Caver (3.0.3), respectively.…”