Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Frontal Plane Gender Differences in Landing Patterns of Recreational Athletes

Kernozek, Thomas W.; Hoof, Heather Van; Torry, Michael R.; Cowley, Hanni; Tanner, Suzanne M.

doi:10.1249/00005768-200405001-01101

Cited by 23 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Females constitute 20% of ROTC cadets, yet the relative injury risk is up to 9.74 times greater in female cadets (14,41). Mechanics during landing may explain part of this difference in risk, as females tend to land with greater knee valgus (13,20,22,36) and increased knee flexion velocity (13). The altered landing strategies in females result in greater peak landing vGRFs compared with males (15) and cumulatively place them at greater injury risk (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis of Various Drop Jump Performances in Army Reserve Officer Training Corps Cadets

Merrigan

O'Toole

Wutzke

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Merrigan, JJ, O'Toole, KB, Wutzke, CJ, and Jones, MT. Kinetic and kinematic analysis of various drop jump performances in army reserve officer training corps cadets. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 738-746, 2022-The purpose was to examine effects of sex, drop height, and external loads on drop jump mechanics in Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets and whether findings were associated with strength. Males (n 5 14) and females (n 5 12) completed maximal isokinetic concentric (slow-C and fast-C) and eccentric (slow-E and fast-E) knee extensions and flexions at 60˚•s 21 and 180˚•s 21 . After 72 hours, 3 drop jumps were performed under 3 conditions (i.e., 30 cm unloaded [30UL], 30 cm loaded 15 kg [30L], and 60 cm unloaded [60UL]). No sex 3 condition interactions existed for any metric (p . 0.05). The 30L condition resulted in slower eccentric and concentric center of mass (COM) and angular velocities, reduced concentric vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF), and lower jump performances. Although 60UL resulted in greater eccentric COM and angular velocities, peak vGRF, impulse, and rate of force development (p , 0.008), no differences existed in jump performances. Males had faster COM and angular concentric velocities and smaller knee valgus angles, but no different vGRF compared with females. The change in the peak hip angle, because of 60UL, was associated with knee extension eccentric and concentric strength, whereas changes in knee angles were associated with eccentric strength. Likewise, eccentric strength influenced the effects of 30L on landing vGRF more so than concentric strength. Initial strength training is recommended, specifically emphasizing eccentric actions, before performing loaded (15 kg) drop jumps to reduce the increase of landing forces. However, caution may be required when performing drops from 60 cm because of increased forces, although no decline in jump performances were noted.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis of Various Drop Jump Performances in Army Reserve Officer Training Corps Cadets

Merrigan

O'Toole

Wutzke

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Analysis of frontal plane trunk, knee, and ankle positioning during dynamic tasks could be more valuable in predicting knee kinetics and injury risk than static assessment alone. Specifically, knee valgus positioning (23), ankle inversion/pronation (24,25), external knee rotation (26), and trunk lean toward the planting limb (27,28) increase knee abduction moments and/or ACL injury risk and should therefore be avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Static Alignment on Dynamic Knee Abduction Moments in Adolescent Athletes with Recent ACL Reconstruction

Mueske

Abousamra²,

Katzel

et al. 2021

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: Dynamic limb valgus, particularly high knee abduction moments, is a known risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and may result from poor static anatomic limb alignment, faulty biomechanics, or a combination of both. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of static lower extremity anatomic alignment and dynamic kinematic/ kinetic measures on knee abduction moments during sidestep cutting in adolescent athletes with recent ACL reconstruction. Methods: This retrospective study included 50 adolescents with recent unilateral ACL reconstruction (18/50 female, mean age = 15.8 yr, 7.6 months postsurgery). Frontal plane hip-to-ankle imaging was used to measure mechanical axis deviation and tibial-femoral angle. Three-dimensional motion capture provided lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during quiet standing and during the loading phase (initial contact to peak knee flexion) of an anticipated 45°sidestep cut. Imaging, static motion capture, and dynamic motion capture measures were investigated as potential predictors of average dynamic knee abduction moment using correlation and backward stepwise linear regression. Results: Dynamic knee abduction moment was best predicted by a combination of younger age and dynamic measures: trunk lean toward the planting limb, knee abduction and external rotation, and ankle inversion. Although static measures were correlated with dynamic knee abduction moment in univariate analysis, no static/anatomic variables entered the model once the dynamic measures were included. Conclusion: Knee abduction moments during sidestep cutting were related to dynamic factors reflecting frontal and transverse plane motion. Static (anatomic) lower limb alignment did not influence knee abduction moments once these dynamic factors were considered. Knee abduction moments and ACL injury risk are therefore not dictated by anatomic alignment and can be altered through neuromuscular/biomechanical training.

show abstract

“…Only heel strike runners were recruited owing to the known biomechanical differences among runners with varying foot-strike patterns (29). Potential participants were excluded if they reported any of the following: 1) women who were pregnant or breastfeeding; (2) current lower extremity pain; 3) previous history of lower extremity surgery, fracture, osteoarthritis, hip dysplasia, or 4) any lower extremity condition that resulted in pain or discomfort during running within 6 months before participation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with men, women have been reported to exhibit higher degrees of hip adduction during running (1–5). Greater hip adduction has been shown to be contributory to several running injuries (6–10) and may explain the higher incidence of certain running injuries in women compared with men (i.e., patellofemoral pain) (6,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip Adduction during Running: Influence of Sex, Hip Abductor Strength and Activation, and Pelvis and Femur Morphology

Liu

Lewton

Colletti

et al. 2021

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To examine the influence of hip abductor strength, neuromuscular activation, and pelvis and femur morphology in contributing to sex differences in hip adduction during running. In addition, we sought to determine the best predictors of hip adduction during running for both men and women. Methods: Fifteen female runners and 14 male runners underwent strength testing, instrumented overground running (e.g., kinematics and muscle activation), and computed tomography scanning of pelvis and femur. Morphologic measurements included bilateral hip width to femur length ratio, acetabulum abduction, acetabulum anteversion, femoral anteversion, and femoral neck-shaft angles. Sex differences for all variables were examined using independent t tests. Linear regression was used to assess the ability of each independent variable of interest to predict peak hip adduction during the late swing and stance phase of running. Results: Compared with men, women exhibited significantly greater peak hip adduction during both late swing (8.5°± 2.6°vs 6.2°± 2.8°, P = 0.04) and stance phases of running (13.4°± 4.2°vs 10.0°± 3.2°, P = 0.02). In addition, women exhibited significantly lower hip abductor strength (1.8 ± 0.3 vs 2.0 ± 0.3 N•m•kg −1 , P = 0.04), greater femoral neck-shaft angles (134.1°± 5.0°vs 129.9°± 4.1°, P = 0.01), and greater hip width to femur length ratios than men (0.44 ± 0.02 vs 0.42 ± 0.03, P = 0.03). Femoral anteversion was the only significant predictor of peak hip adduction during late swing (r = 0.36, P = 0.05) and stance (r = 0.41, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the contribution of femur morphology as opposed to hip abductor strength and activation in contributing to hip adduction during running.

show abstract

Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Frontal Plane Gender Differences in Landing Patterns of Recreational Athletes

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis of Various Drop Jump Performances in Army Reserve Officer Training Corps Cadets

Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis of Various Drop Jump Performances in Army Reserve Officer Training Corps Cadets

Effect of Static Alignment on Dynamic Knee Abduction Moments in Adolescent Athletes with Recent ACL Reconstruction

Hip Adduction during Running: Influence of Sex, Hip Abductor Strength and Activation, and Pelvis and Femur Morphology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About