Key Technologies of Pure Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Mixed Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation

Abstract

Thanks to the advantages of cleanliness, high efficiency, extensive sources, and renewable energy, hydrogen energy has gradually become the focus of energy development in the world's major economies. At present, the natural gas transportation pipeline network is relatively complete, while hydrogen transportation technology faces many challenges, such as the lack of technical specifications, high safety risks, and high investment costs, which are the key factors that hinder the development of hydrogen pipeline transportation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview and summary of the current status and development prospects of pure hydrogen and hydrogen-mixed natural gas pipeline transportation. Analysts believe that basic studies and case studies for hydrogen infrastructure transformation and system optimization have received extensive attention, and related technical studies are mainly focused on pipeline transportation processes, pipe evaluation, and safe operation guarantees. There are still technical challenges in hydrogenmixed natural gas pipelines in terms of the doping ratio and hydrogen separation and purification. To promote the industrial application of hydrogen energy, it is necessary to develop more efficient, low-cost, and low-energy-consumption hydrogen storage materials.

The Impact of Impurity Gases on the Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Pipeline Steel in High-Pressure H2 Environments

“…It is characterized by a high energy content and the absence of pollution [1]. Among the various hydrogen transportation methods, pipelines are advantageous because of their large capacity and low cost [2][3][4]. Considering the high costs associated with constructing dedicated hydrogen pipelines, using existing natural gas pipelines for the transport of hydrogen or hydrogen-blended natural gas is a viable option.…”

Impact of Heat Treatment on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance of PtCo/C(N) Electrocatalyst in PEM Fuel Cell

“…[3] Among these hydrogen energy has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages of zero pollution, high energy, abundant resources, and a wide range of applications. [4,5] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most effective ways to utilize hydrogen with high conversion efficiency, fast startup and shutdown, significant power density, excellent energy density, etc. [6][7][8][9] However, the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) measured at the cathode is slow, about five orders of magnitude slower than the kinetics of the hydroxide reaction (HOR) at the anode, [10] and a large number of Pt-based catalysts are required to catalyze the reaction.…”

Research Progress and Prospects on Hydrogen Damage in Welds of Hydrogen-Blended Natural Gas Pipelines

“…Currently, blending hydrogen into natural gas pipelines is considered a potential optimal method for large-scale, long-distance, safe, and efficient hydrogen transportation [7][8][9]. Several hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline projects have been completed worldwide (Table 1).…”