Key Role of Ser562/661 in Snf1-Dependent Regulation of Cat8p in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i>

Charbon, Godefroid; Breunig, Karin D.; Wattiez, Ruddy; Vandenhaute, Jean; Noël-Georis, Isabelle

doi:10.1128/mcb.24.10.4083-4091.2004

Cited by 46 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Unphosphorylated Cat8 appears to be competent to bind because Heisinger et al (69) found that bacterially produced Cat8, which is not expected to receive its normal modifications, showed in vitro DNA binding. Phosphorylation is important to the activator function of Cat8 because a S562E point mutation in Cat8, which mimics the phosphorylated state, shows some constitutive activity (15). In support, the genes that we find to be the least Cat8-dependent, ICL2 and POT1, have the highest expression in repressed REG1⌬hda1⌬rpd3 cells (Fig.…”

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confidence: 65%

“…In HDAC mutants, the Adr1 and Cat8 activators, which normally bind to glucose-repressed promoters only in low glucose conditions, bound constitutively. SNF1, which encodes the yeast AMP kinase homolog that is regulated by environmental stresses, was required for the constitutive activator binding as it is for binding in glucosederepressing conditions (13)(14)(15). At the Adr1-and Cat8-regulated ADH2 promoter, a complex was assembled that contained Pol II and components of SAGA, SWI/SNF, TFIIB, and Mediator.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Poised Initiation Complex Is Activated by SNF1

Tachibana¹,

Biddick²,

Law³

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Snf1, the yeast AMP kinase homolog, is essential for derepression of glucose-repressed genes that are activated by Adr1. Although required for Adr1 DNA binding, the precise role of Snf1 is unknown. Deletion of histone deacetylase genes allowed constitutive promoter binding of Adr1 and Cat8, another activator of glucose-repressed genes. In repressed conditions, at the Adr1-and Cat8-dependent ADH2 promoter, partial chromatin remodeling had occurred, and the activators recruited a partial preinitiation complex that included RNA polymerase II. Transcription did not occur, however, unless Snf1 was activated, suggesting a Snf1-dependent event that occurs after RNA polymerase II recruitment. Glucose regulation persisted because shifting to low glucose increased expression. Glucose repression could be completely relieved by combining the three elements of 1) chromatin perturbation by mutation of histone deacetylases, 2) activation of Snf1, and 3) the addition of an Adr1 mutant that by itself confers only weak constitutive activity.The general model for eukaryotic transcription activation is that a preinitiation complex forms by ordered recruitment of specific and general transcription factors to a promoter (see reviews in Refs. 1-3). Early in activation, promoter-specific factors bind, possibly with the aid of general chromatin remodeling factors (4, 5). Bound activators recruit coactivators including histone modifiers and chromatin remodeling complexes such as SAGA 2 or SWI/SNF. The resulting alterations to chromatin and interactions between bound activator, Mediator complex, and general transcription factors ultimately leads to the recruitment of TBP and RNA Pol II (5-7).Although the model implies transcription when all components of the preinitiation complex are in place, several cases are known in which Pol II is recruited to a promoter but does not proceed through the open reading frame without an additional signal (8 -10). The classic example is the Drosophila hsp70 heat shock gene. In the absence of an activating heat shock and with very little bound heat shock factor, Pol II binds the promoter and initiates transcription, only to pause ϳ25 nucleotides from the initiation site. Within seconds after heat shock, additional heat shock factor binds, elongation proceeds through the open reading frame (11), and more Pol II is recruited (10). This mechanism allows for a rapid transcriptional response to a potentially lethal environmental challenge.Reacting to a change in carbon source does not have the urgency of responding to heat shock, and activation of the glucose-repressed genes does not involve a paused polymerase (see review of glucose repression in Ref. 12). We have, however, detected a polymerase complex bound to a glucose-repressed promoter in a strain deleted for the histone deacetylase (HDAC) genes, HDA1 and RPD3. In HDAC mutants, the Adr1 and Cat8 activators, which normally bind to glucose-repressed promoters only in low glucose conditions, bound constitutively. SNF1, which encodes the yeast AMP kinase homo...

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confidence: 65%

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confidence: 99%

A Poised Initiation Complex Is Activated by SNF1

Tachibana¹,

Biddick²,

Law³

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Cat8 activity is regulated on two levels: its expression is Mig1 repressed (145,257), and its capacity to activate transcription requires a functional Snf1 kinase (303). Snf1 phosphorylates Cat8 in ethanol-grown cells (56,303); following the addition of glucose, it is dephosphorylated in a Glc7-independent manner (303). Interestingly, constitutively expressed Cat8 fused to the Ino2 activation domain bypasses the need for a functional Snf1 in cells growing on ethanol (300).…”

Section: Snf1-mediated Signal Transduction In Glucose Repression and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Santangelo

2006

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

479

481

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SUMMARY Eukaryotic cells possess an exquisitely interwoven and fine-tuned series of signal transduction mechanisms with which to sense and respond to the ubiquitous fermentable carbon source glucose. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be a fertile model system with which to identify glucose signaling factors, determine the relevant functional and physical interrelationships, and characterize the corresponding metabolic, transcriptomic, and proteomic readouts. The early events in glucose signaling appear to require both extracellular sensing by transmembrane proteins and intracellular sensing by G proteins. Intermediate steps involve cAMP-dependent stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA) as well as one or more redundant PKA-independent pathways. The final steps are mediated by a relatively small collection of transcriptional regulators that collaborate closely to maximize the cellular rates of energy generation and growth. Understanding the nuclear events in this process may necessitate the further elaboration of a new model for eukaryotic gene regulation, called “reverse recruitment.” An essential feature of this idea is that fine-structure mapping of nuclear architecture will be required to understand the reception of regulatory signals that emanate from the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Completion of this task should result in a much improved understanding of eukaryotic growth, differentiation, and carcinogenesis.

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“…This widely acting transcriptional repressor exits the nucleus when phosphorylated, relieving repression of dozens of genes, including CAT8 (13). Subsequent production of the Cat8 transcription factor and activation via Snf1-dependent phosphorylation (11,36) up-regulates gluconeogenic and glyoxylate cycle genes as well as several transcription factors, such as SIP4 and HAP4 (6,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Combined Global Localization Analysis and Transcriptome Data Identify Genes That Are Directly Coregulated by Adr1 and Cat8

Tachibana

Yoo

Tagne

et al. 2005

Molecular and Cellular Biology

141

164

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In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glucose depletion causes a profound alteration in metabolism, mediated in part by global transcriptional changes. Many of the transcription factors that regulate these changes act combinatorially. We have analyzed combinatorial regulation by Adr1 and Cat8, two transcription factors that act during glucose depletion, by combining genome-wide expression and genome-wide binding data. We identified 32 genes that are directly activated by Adr1, 28 genes that are directly activated by Cat8, and 14 genes that are directly regulated by both. Our analysis also uncovered promoters that Adr1 binds but does not regulate and promoters that are indirectly regulated by Cat8, stressing the advantage of combining global expression and global localization analysis to find directly regulated targets. At most of the coregulated promoters, the in vivo binding of one factor is independent of the other, but Adr1 is required for optimal Cat8 binding at two promoters with a poor match to the Cat8 binding consensus. In addition, Cat8 is required for Adr1 binding at promoters where Adr1 is not required for transcription. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of the direct, indirect, and combinatorial requirements for these two global transcription factors.Cells respond to stresses such as variations in temperature, pH or osmotic or nutrient conditions by altering the expression of genes that allow the cell to respond to the new environment (10). These transcriptional changes are initiated by signals that converge on a limited number of transcription factors, which then act combinatorially to control many genes in multiple pathways. Microarrays can be used to identify these coordinated, combinatorial responses by detecting both the localization of key transcription factors and the corresponding changes in the transcriptome (1).

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Key Role of Ser562/661 in Snf1-Dependent Regulation of Cat8p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis

Cited by 46 publications

References 38 publications

A Poised Initiation Complex Is Activated by SNF1

A Poised Initiation Complex Is Activated by SNF1

Glucose Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Combined Global Localization Analysis and Transcriptome Data Identify Genes That Are Directly Coregulated by Adr1 and Cat8

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