2018
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25190-5
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Abstract: Neurovascular integrity, including cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, plays a major role in determining cognitive capability. Recent studies suggest that neurovascular integrity could be regulated by the gut microbiome. The purpose of the study was to identify if ketogenic diet (KD) intervention would alter gut microbiome and enhance neurovascular functions, and thus reduce risk for neurodegeneration in young healthy mice (12–14 weeks old). Here we show that with 16 weeks of KD, … Show more

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Cited by 208 publications
(147 citation statements)
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“…The presence of KBs both in the culture medium and in BLECs after 48 h of incubation corresponded with the higher levels of MCT1 and GLUT1 proteins observed in BLECs. These observations are in agreement with those published by others in which an increase of KBs in the blood following a KD was associated with higher MCT1 and GLUT1 expression in rat brain microvessels [64][65][66][67], and in contrast with other studies, which reported that a KD does not affect the expression of GLUT1 at the BBB level [68]. In addition, it has been shown that βHB is specifically able to enhance GLUT1 protein expression in mouse brain endothelial cells [69].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The presence of KBs both in the culture medium and in BLECs after 48 h of incubation corresponded with the higher levels of MCT1 and GLUT1 proteins observed in BLECs. These observations are in agreement with those published by others in which an increase of KBs in the blood following a KD was associated with higher MCT1 and GLUT1 expression in rat brain microvessels [64][65][66][67], and in contrast with other studies, which reported that a KD does not affect the expression of GLUT1 at the BBB level [68]. In addition, it has been shown that βHB is specifically able to enhance GLUT1 protein expression in mouse brain endothelial cells [69].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Animal studies showed that KD reduced size of hippocampal amyloid beta plaques and phosphorylated tau protein‐containing neurofibrilary tangles that predominantly function as pathological hallmarks of AD (Kashiwaya et al, ). Additionally, KD stimulated cerebral vasculature, which undergoes significant damage in vascular dementia (Ma, Wang, et al, ). The MCT‐rich KD also suppressed α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)‐receptor currents and downstream cyclic‐AMP‐protein kinase, a signaling cascade that activates glutamate excitoxicity and neuronal damage in AD (Augustin et al, ).…”
Section: Kd and Neurodegenerationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, KD stimulated cerebral vasculature, which undergoes significant damage in vascular dementia (Ma, Wang, et al, 2018). The MCT-rich KD also suppressed α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-receptor currents and downstream cyclic-AMP-protein kinase, a signaling cascade that activates glutamate excitoxicity and neuronal damage in AD (Augustin et al, 2018).…”
Section: K D and Neurodeg Ener Ati Onmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Astrogliosis is associated with reduced activity of glutamine synthase and GABA synthesis and relative failure of astrocyte-mediated glutamate reuptake as well as disruption of the glutamate-glutamine cycle [211][212][213]. Astrogliosis is also associated with increased expression of the cysteine/glutamate antiporter channel (X c À ) resulting in increased glutamate signaling and oxidative downregulation of the astrocyte glutamate uptake receptors EAAT1 and EAAT2, which in turn leads to the development of glutamate-mediated N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor excitotoxicity [166,214,215]. Impaired glutamate synthetase (GS) activity results in the accumulation of glutamate and impaired glutamate uptake thus making a contribution to the development of excitotoxicity [216].…”
Section: Nutritional Ketosis Astrogliosis and Glutamate Synthetasementioning
confidence: 99%