Keratoacanthomas: human papillomavirus associated?

Abstract

Esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) is a rare benign tumor of the esophagus. Human papillomavirus is known to infect the genitourinary tract, the anal canal, the respiratory tract, and the skin. It is associated with benign, precancerous and cancerous lesions. Esophageal papillomas, including HPV-induced squamous cell papillomas of the esophagus, are rare, with an incidence ranging from 0.01 to 0.04 percent. We present a case of esophageal HPV induced squamous cell papilloma. A 59-year-old male presented to the clinic with epigastric abdominal pain radiating to the chest, he was treated empirically with Pantoprazole with the resolution of symptoms. The patient underwent Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan as part of follow-up surveillance for stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung that was resected two years ago, it showed hypermetabolic focus involving the gastroesophageal junction. Biopsy of the lesion was consistent with the involvement of human papillomavirus with no evidence of dysplasia. This case illustrates the recognizing the role of human papillomavirus in squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus and its association with GERD.

Identification of human papillomavirus in keratoacanthomas

“…Thirteen samples from eight immunosuppressed patients showed intense amplicons (þþþþ) by gel electrophoresis. Typing of these amplicons revealed HPV types 5,9,14,19,20,21,38,49,80, new putative HPV candidates as HPVvs20-4, HPVvs75, HPVvs92, and FA16.1, FA23.2, FA37, FA75 and FA81 ( Table 3). The HPV amplicons from nonimmunosuppressed patients were all ranked below three after gel electrophoresis and no typing was performed ( Table 3).…”

“…Of the keratoacanthoma lesions, 55% (33/60) were HPV DNA positive. Fourteen samples from eight immunosuppressed patients contained HPV types 5,9,10,14,19,20,21,38, 49, 80, putative HPV types as HPVvs20-4, HPVvs75, and HPVvs92 and FA16.1, FA23.2, FA37, FA75, and FA81. Among 11 non-immunosuppressed patients, 36% (4/11) harbored HPV DNA at least in one sample, and 33% (4/12) of their keratoacanthomas were HPV DNA positive.…”

“…On the other hand, the failure to detect papillomavirus DNA in keratoacanthomas was also reported by the use of Southern blot technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [17][18][19][20][21] Recently, a single tube nested 'hanging droplet' PCR method was developed for amplification of cutaneous HPV types 22 from the phylogenetic group B1 of HPV types. 23 The B1 HPV types are prevalent in tumors of patients with the rare disorder epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) that is characterized by widespread skin warts.…”

Conjunctival keratoacanthoma

“…Among all of these factors, viral infection has been the one most intensely studied. Over the last few years, several studies have been conducted to detect the presence of papillomavirus (HPV) in skin keratoacanthomas Gassenmaier et al 1986;Magee et al 1989;Hopfl et al 1992), with positive results obtained in some cases. The rapid growth and spontaneous evolution are compatible with a viral etiology, but we didn't find HPV in our case.…”

Detecção e genotipagem de papilomavírus humano em lesões de queratoacantoma solitário de pacientes imunocompetentes

“…16,19 Esses achados indicam a necessidade de estudos futuros comparativos, utilizando material não fixado, para melhor esclarecimento do real papel da infecção pelo HPV na oncogênese do QA. 20,21 …”