Keratoacanthomas and skin neoplasms associated with suramin therapy

Eruptive Keratoacanthoma-Type Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Patients Taking Sorafenib for the Treatment of Solid Tumors

“…Two patients were switched to another multikinase inhibitor, sunitinib, with only TK inhibition and no activity against Raf signaling. 5 These patients stopped developing SCCs during follow-up. Four patients discontinued sorafenib because of lack of response and were switched to a different class of therapy or received no further therapy.…”

“…Suramin is an antitrypanosomal drug and a novel treatment for several solid tumors in which the development of Kas and SCCs have been reported. 5,12,13 Suramin reversibly inhibits protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase); exerts antiproliferative activities by interfering with the binding of a number of growth factors, including PDGF, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF), and VEGFs to their receptors; and reduces the activity of Ser/Thr kinases, including protein kinase C and Raf. 12 Thus, like sorafenib, suramin inhibits not only TK pathways, but also the Ser/Thr kinase Raf.…”

Sorafenib‐induced premalignant and malignant skin lesions

“…In relation to other oral MKIs, sorafenib is unique in its inhibition of the serine/threonine kinase Raf. Interestingly, suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug recently used to treat solid tumors, shares the ability to inhibit the serine/threonine kinase Raf and has similarly been associated with the induction of KAs and SCCs 40–42 . Inhibition of the Raf kinase pathway may lead to a downstream effect of stimulating proliferation and transformation in keratinocytes, which has yet to be described.…”