Keragaan Karakter Morfologi, Stomata, dan Klorofil Enam Varietas Tembakau Lokal Tulungagung

Abstract

<p>Tembakau lokal tulungagung merupakan salah satu jenis tembakau yang memiliki peran penting dalam industri rokok kretek di Indonesia. Beberapa varietas tembakau telah banyak dibudidayakan di wilayah Kabupaten Tulungagung, tetapi tingkat heterogenitas tanaman cukup tinggi, baik secara morfologi maupun anatomi. Stomata merupakan salah satu bagian struktur daun yang sering digunakan dalam klasifikasi taksonomi sehingga informasi keragaman sifat morfologi, stomata dan kadar klorofil dapat dimanfaatkan pemulia tanaman untuk melakukan perakitan varietas baru dengan produktivitas sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari keragaan sifat morfologi, stomata, dan kadar klorofil serta produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kendalbulur, Kecamatan Boyolangu, Kabupaten Tulungagung, pada bulan April sampai Oktober 2015. Bahan penelitian terdiri atas 6 varietas tembakau yang sudah lama berkembang di Tulungagung, yaitu varietas Rejeb Arang, Rejeb Kerep, Gagang Sidi, Gagang Jembrak, Gagang Ijo, dan Rejeb Jae. Tiap-tiap varietas ditanam pada petak berukuran 12 m x 4,50 m dengan jarak tanam 60 cm x 90 cm (100 tanaman/petak). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 6 varietas tembakau yang diteliti mempunyai bentuk morfologi yang beragam. Varietas Rejeb arang memiliki nilai tertinggi pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan pajang daun, sehingga dapat menunjang produktivitas tanaman. Tipe stomata Rejeb Arang adalah Amphibraci-parasitik, Rejeb Kereb dan Gagang Jae Diasitik, Gagang Sidi dan Gagang Ijo bertipe Anisositik sedangkan Gagang Jembrak bertipe Laerositik. Kerapatan stomata tertinggi pada Gagang Jae (44,87/mm<sup>2</sup>) dan kadar klorofil tertinggi pada varietas Rejeb Arang (34,85 unit).</p><p><em><strong>Performance of Morphological, Stomata, and Chlorophyll Characters of Six Tulungagung Local Tobacco Variety </strong></em></p><p><em>Tulungagung tobacco is one type of tobacco that has an important role in the cigarette industry in Indonesia. Some varieties of tobacco have been cultivated in Tulungagung, but the heterogeneity degree of the plant is quite high, so that the information of diversity of morphology, stomata and chlorophyll can be utilized to carry out the assembly of new varieties with productivity in accordance to customer needs. The aim of research is study the morphological properties, stomata, chlorophyll content, and crop productivity. This research was conducted in the village of Kendalbulur, District Boyolangu, Tulungagung, from April to October 2015. The research material consisted of six varieties of tobacco has long been developing in Tulungagung, ie Rejeb Arang, Rejeb Kerep, Gagang Sidi, Gagang Jembrak, Gagang Ijo, and Rejeb Jae. Each variety was grown on plots sized 12 m x 4.50 m with plant spacing of 60 cm x 90 cm (100 plants/plot). This study used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that six varieties of tobacco studied have varying morphology. Varieties Rejeb charcoal has the highest value on plant height, leaf number, and leaf length, so that could support the productivity of the plant. Stomata type of Rejeb Arang is Amphibraci-parasitic, Rejeb Kereb and Rejeb Jae are Diasitic, Gagang Sidi and Gadang Ijo are Anisositic; Gagang Jembrak is Laerositik. The highest chlorophyll content was in Rejeb Arang varieties (34.85 units).</em></p>

The Development of the Indonesian Culture Gunungan Design: Wayang Godhong “Smoking Violated”

“…The analysis results show that the structure of the tobacco leaf has similarities with the shape of the Gunungan Wayang Purwa, where the shape of the tobacco leaf is generally oval-shaped, the tip is tapered and is getting thinner. This result is reinforced by the research of Rochman & Hamida (2018), which examined six varieties of tobacco leaves and displayed the shape and characteristics of tobacco leaves. This study includes a philosophical element of the no-smoking rule in developing wayang designs.…”

Changes of stomatal distribution and leaf thickness in response to transpiration rate in six dicot plant species

“…A high stomatal distribution ratio indicates a greater number of stomata in a certain area and it will help to increase the rate of transpiration. According to Rehfeldt, Wykoff, & Ying [34] a high stomatal distribution ratio indicates the ability of plants to adapt to a drought-prone environment. Red Shoots (Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn) is a plant that is usually used as an ornamental plant as well as shade plants.…”

“…According to Judge, Dorly, & Rahayu [16], the distribution of stomata which is the ratio of the number of stomata or epidermal cells in a certain area unit will change if plants are planted in different environments. Rochman & Hamida [34] showed that the distribution of stomata decreased or increased when plants were planted under certain conditions. Stomata are holes or gaps in the leaf epidermis that are limited by 2 guard cells that function to enter and exit gases, including water vapor [35].…”

Pengaruh Penambahan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) dan Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Tembakau Cerutu Besuki (Nicotiana tobacum L.)

“…Kadar klorofil akan berpengaruh langsung terhadap fotosintesis yang akhirnya akan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil (Nurnasari and Djumali, 2012). Hasil penelitian Rochman and Hamida, (2017), juga menyebutkan bahwa luasan daun berhubungan dengan peningkatan kandungan klorofil yang akan berdampak terhadap bertambahnya produk fotosintesis dan meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman.…”

“…Hasil pengukuran kadar klorofil ini mendukung peningkatan produktivitas tanaman. Semakin tinggi kadar klorofil daunnya maka produktivitas dan indeks tanamannya juga semakin tinggi (Rochman & Hamida, 2017), sedangkan kandungan klorofil berpengaruh langsung terhadap fotosintesis yang akhirnya akan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil (Djumali and Nurnasari, 2012).…”