Karyotypic diversity between allopatric populations of the group Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae): evolutionary and biogeographic considerations

Abstract

Three populations of the group Hoplias malabaricus from the hydrographic basins of the São Francisco, Araguaia/Tocantins and Xingu Rivers in Brazil were analyzed using classic cytogenetic methods (Giemsa staining, C-banding and Ag-NORs) and molecular methods (fluorescent in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA and 5SHindIII satellite DNA probes). The chromosome markers allowed the characterization of these populations as belonging to karyomorph A and the detection of inter-population divergences. These differences likely stem from different evolutionary histories resulting from geographic isolation between populations associated to the dispersive mode of these organisms, reinforcing genetic diversity in the group Hoplias malabaricus.Três populações do grupo Hoplias malabaricus das bacias hidrográficas dos rios São Francisco, Araguaia/Tocantins e Xingu foram analisadas citogeneticamente utilizando-se métodos clássicos (coloração com Giemsa, bandamento-C e Ag-RONs) e moleculares (hibridização in situ fluorescente com sondas de rDNA 18S, rDNA 5S e DNA satélite 5SHindIII). Os marcadores cromossômicos foram fundamentais para a caracterização destas populações como pertencentes ao cariomorfo A e para detecção de claras divergências interpopulacionais. Estas diferenças são provavelmente oriundas de diferentes histórias evolutivas do isolamento geográfico entre as populações associado ao modo dispersivo destes organismos, reiterando a diversidade genética do grupo Hoplias malabaricus.

Biology of growth of Hoplias aff. malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) in a shallow pampean lake (Argentina)

“…That pattern could be considered as an adaptive physiologic and demographic response to cope with broad thermal variation and hydrologic instabilities such as those observed in pampean lakes. Such adaptations may be supported by a particularly evolutionary life history adapted to this geographic area resulting in genetic diversity divergences with other populations (Blanco et al, 2010). In this sense, it is important consider also that H. aff.…”

Taxonomic study of Hoplias microlepis (Günther, 1864), a trans-Andean species of trahiras (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Erythrinidae)

“…Oyakawa (1990) and Oyakawa & Mattox (2009) defined three groups within Hoplias: the H. macrophthalmus group which comprises a single valid species, H. aimara (Valenciennes) (see Mattox et al, 2006), the H. lacerdae group currently including five valid species (H. australis Oyakawa & Mattox, H. brasiliensis (Spix), H. curupira Oyakawa & Mattox, H. intermedius (Günther) and H. lacerdae Miranda-Ribeiro, see Oyakawa & Mattox, 2009) and the H. malabaricus group, still lacking a proper taxonomic approach. Contrary to what was mentioned by Blanco et al (2010), H. aimara is not included in the H. lacerdae group, but rather assigned to the H. macrophthalmus group (see Mattox et al, 2006;Oyakawa & Mattox, 2009). This error has been repeated by subsequent authors (e.g., Blanco et al, 2011;Cioffi et al, 2012;Marques et al, 2013).…”

“…Meristic and morphometric data of specimens greatly overlap throughout the distribution range of the species (e.g., Bifi, 2013), and there is a large number of nominal species currently considered junior synonyms (e.g., Oyakawa, 2003), many of which without known type material. In addition, numerous cytogenetic studies have suggested that H. malabaricus represents a species complex (e.g., Bertollo et al, 1986;Dergam & Bertollo, 1990;Bertollo et al, 1997;2000;Born & Bertollo, 2001;Cioffi et al, 2009aCioffi et al, , 2009bRosa et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2009;Blanco et al, 2010;2011;Cioffi & Bertollo, 2010;Cioffi et al, 2011aCioffi et al, , 2011bCioffi et al, , 2011cCioffi et al, , 2011dMarques et al, 2013).…”

Differential chromosomal markers between sympatric karyomorphs of the fish Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes: Erythrinidae)

“…Blanco et al (2010b) showed a differentiation in the number of ribosomal sites in three different populations of H. malabaricus, and differences in the distribution of 5S rDNA and 5SHindIII satellite DNA were also observed.…”

Allopatric chromosomal variation in Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986 (Actinopterygii: Characiformes) based on mapping of repetitive sequences

“…Accordingly, cytogenetic analyses have been carried out to address this issue, since chromosomal markers have proved to be useful for both systematic and evolutionary inferences in Neotropical fish (Blanco et al, 2010;Almeida et al, 2013;Piscor et al, 2015), including taxonomically problematic groups (Bellafronte et al, 2010;Mendes et al, 2011). Moreover, the availability of refined cytogenetic methods have allowed identifying population polymorphism and unique evolutionary units, even within morphologically similar groups (Bitencourt et al, 2011;Utsunomia et al, 2014).…”