Kaempferol: A Key Emphasis to Its Anticancer Potential

Abstract

A marked decrease in human cancers, including breast cancer, bone cancer, and cervical cancer, has been linked to the consumption of vegetable and fruit, and the corresponding chemoprotective effect has been associated with the presence of several active molecules, such as kaempferol. Kaempferol is a major flavonoid aglycone found in many natural products, such as beans, bee pollen, broccoli, cabbage, capers, cauliflower, chia seeds, chives, cumin, moringa leaves, endive, fennel, and garlic. Kaempferol displays several pharmacological properties, among them antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities, and is being applied in cancer chemotherapy. Specifically, kaempferol-rich food has been linked to a decrease in the risk of developing some types of cancers, including skin, liver, and colon. The mechanisms of action include apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. In this sense, this article reviews data from experimental studies that investigated the links between kaempferol and kaempferol-rich food intake and cancer prevention. Even though growing evidence supports the use of kaempferol for cancer prevention, further preclinical and clinical investigations using kaempferol or kaempferol-rich foods are of pivotal importance before any public health recommendation or formulation using kaempferol.

Treatment efficacy analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): an empirical study from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China

“…The target and KEGG pathway enrichment results also show the certain integrity and the different tendency of formulas. Meanwhile, by comparing the QFPDD with the recommended formula of the first four stages [20,21], we discover that the QFPDD has a certain integrity on the compound level. However, on the target level, the QFPDD has covered most of the predicted target of the recommended formula of the first four disease stages, and the mutual target from both two sources have a higher network parameter.…”

Kinetic Studies on Radical Scavenging Activity of Kaempferol Decreased by Sn(II) Binding

“…Flavonoids are a group of natural products with a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Antioxidant activities of most flavonoids have recently been found to be enhanced by coordination of metal ions as reported by us [7,8] and by other authors [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…Notably, this pattern is different from what was observed in our previous and recent work including the combination of HKaem and Zn(II) or HKaem and alkaline rare earth ions in ethanol, and the combination of luteolin and Cu(II) in aqueous solution for which the rate of scavenging increased [7,8,23]. According to the method in reference [33], time evolution curves at 517 nm in Figure 5 can be fitted by the use of linear and exponential functions, 517 = 1 + and 517 = − 2 + for linear and non-linear kinetics respectively, and the initial rates at t=0 s, = 0 , are quantitatively obtained by differentiating the fitting functions with respect to time t using Equations (5) and (6): The rate of DPPH • scavenging dramatically decreased (~10 times) by addition of SnCl 2 with the ratio of HKaem:SnCl 2 changing within a small range from 1:0.02 to 1:0.08. For the ratio of HKaem:SnCl 2 changing from 1:1 to 1:10, the rate of DPPH • scavenging only decreased 2.5 times.…”

Therapeutic effects of kaempferol affecting autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress

“…Kaempferol is widely administrated in traditional medicine due to its multiple biological and therapeutic activities such as antioxidant (Du et al, ; Wu et al, ), anti‐inflammatory (Kouhestani, Jafari, & Babaei, ; Lin et al, ; Sun et al, ; Yao et al, ; Yeon et al, ), antiobesity (Torres‐Villarreal et al, ), cardiovascular protection (Suchal et al, , ; Xiao et al, ; Zhou et al, ), antiaging (Li & Pu, ; Sharoar et al, ), antiallergic (Chung et al, ; Imran et al, ; Podder et al, ; Shin et al, ), antiplatelet aggregation (Choi et al, ), protection against bone disorders (Kim et al, ; Lee et al, ; Wong, Chin, & Ima‐Nirwana, ; Zhu et al, ), antitumor (Chuwa et al, ; Colombo et al, ; Hung et al, ; Wang et al, ; Zhu & Xue, ), and antidiabetic (Luo et al, ; Peng et al, ; Sharma et al, ; Varshney, Gupta, & Roy, ; Xu et al, ; Zang et al, ). Notably, kaempferol has a lipophilic feature which leads to its absorption by small intestine (Imran et al, ). Passive and facilitated diffusion as well as active transport are possible ways for absorption of kaempferol by small intestine (Crespy et al, ).…”