K/Ar Dating as a Means of Sourcing Levantine Epipalaeolithic Basalt Implements

Weinstein‐Evron, Mina; Lang, B.; Ilani, Shimon; Steinitz, G.; Kaufman, Daniel

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1995.tb00725.x

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Potassium–argon (K–Ar) dating was introduced as an approach for determining the provenance of basalt tools by Weinstein‐Evron, Lang, Ilani, Steinitz, and Kaufman (); Weinstein‐Evron, Lang, and Ilani (); Weinstein‐Evron, Kaufman, and Bird‐David (). They studied Natufian culture tools (Late Epipalaeolithic period) from sites in the Carmel Mountains and Galilee.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Back to the Source—Geochemical Data from Israel for the Provenance Analyses of Basaltic Rock Artefacts and Their Implications on Previous and Future Studies

Gluhak

Rosenberg

2018

Archaeometry

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The success of provenance analyses of basaltic rock artefacts relies on the availability of comprehensive geochemical–mineralogical data from samples of geological occurrences in order to facilitate a detailed comparison of artefacts and potential raw material sources. We present new results of a geochemical study of Neogene basaltic rocks in Lower and Upper Galilee, the Jordan Valley, the Hula Basin and the western Golan Heights. The results are intended to serve as a geological reference database for provenance analyses. We discuss the implications of these new geochemical data for the different approaches of previous provenance studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a provenance could not be specified. Additionally, they could not determine if the artefacts were derived from different rocks of the same age (Weinstein‐Evron et al, , , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back to the Source—Geochemical Data from Israel for the Provenance Analyses of Basaltic Rock Artefacts and Their Implications on Previous and Future Studies

Gluhak

Rosenberg

2018

Archaeometry

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“…The results suggested a variety of insights relating to the properties of Table 2; mortar 5) basalt raw material, the efficiency of different production methods, the subsequent waste products, and the implications of these for understanding Natufian culture. Clearly, it is impossible to estimate the full range of basalts available during Natufian times or their geological source (but see the attempt by Weinstein-Evron et al 1995); however, our experimental study enables us to evaluate the preferable properties of basalt intended for GST production. These refer to morphology (preferably round boulders requiring minimal exterior design) and durability (finevs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Mold of Natufian Basalt Mortars: Experimental Production and Archeological Implications

2019

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This paper presents an experimental study on the production of basalt mortars, common at Levantine Natufian sites (15,000-11,500 cal. BP). An increase in the gathering and processing of plant foods is among the Natufian cultural innovations preceding the Neolithic agricultural revolution, as documented in Bagriculturalt ools such as sickle blades and ground stone tools (GST). Studies of Natufian GST have focused on their typology and function; production methods are rarely discussed. We present 15 systematic experiments focusing on two methodsdrilling and carving-and using a variety of techniques (bow/twist/pump/hand drilling, pecking, and battering) and tools. Our results demonstrate that drilling techniques are efficient only in the initial stages of depression preparation and only for a limited duration. Pecking and battering with a hand-held basalt chisel was found to be the preferable production method, allowing for longer, continuous working time, and producing deeper and larger depressions than other techniques. In addition, pecking and battering makes it possible to produce a complete mortar-from the initial depression to modification of the interior and exterior faces. We suggest that producing a Natufian basalt mortar takes only 5 h and produces specific waste products, and that such repetitive work causes severe pain, particularly to the elbow and palm of the working hand, which may be associated with the variety of physical deformations reported for male Natufian and Neolithic populations.

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“…Philip & Williams-Thorpe 1993, 2001; Williams-Thorpe & Thorpe 1993; Weinstein-Evron et al . 1995; Rutter et al . 2003; Watts et al .…”

Section: The Geochemical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade me an axe? Interpretive challenges of the distribution and provenance of Neolithic basaltic bifacial tools in Israel

Rosenberg

Gluhak

2016

Antiquity

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K/Ar Dating as a Means of Sourcing Levantine Epipalaeolithic Basalt Implements

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Back to the Source—Geochemical Data from Israel for the Provenance Analyses of Basaltic Rock Artefacts and Their Implications on Previous and Future Studies

Back to the Source—Geochemical Data from Israel for the Provenance Analyses of Basaltic Rock Artefacts and Their Implications on Previous and Future Studies

Breaking the Mold of Natufian Basalt Mortars: Experimental Production and Archeological Implications

Trade me an axe? Interpretive challenges of the distribution and provenance of Neolithic basaltic bifacial tools in Israel

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