Journal of a second voyage for the discovery of a northwest passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific; performed in the years 1821-22-23, in His Majesty's ships Fury and Hecla, under the orders of Captain William Edward Parry.

Observations of birds in the Bylot Island region from 1979 to 1997, with emphasis on the southwest part of the island each summer since 1989, revealed an avifauna composed of 63 species, of which 35 were breeding. Thirteen species are new records for the region, including one for the Northwest Territories (black-headed gull Larus ridibundus) and two for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (killdeer Charadrius vociferus; mew gull Larus canus). Two species, Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and red knot (Calidris canutus), were also confirmed as breeders for the first time in the region. A summary of these avifaunal observations, along with a review of previous observations made in the region, allows changes in population size and status of individual species to be identified. These records combined with those from earlier studies give a total of 74 species for the Bylot Island region, 45 confirmed as breeders. This makes the avian community in the area one of the most diverse known north of 70˚N latitude in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birds of Bylot Island and Adjacent Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, 1979 To 1997

Lepage¹,

Nettleship²,

Reed³

1998

“…Eight years later (in 1754), a similar encounter at almost the same location between the local Inuit and the company's ships, Lyon) in 1821, and Griper (Captain George Lyon) in 1824. Published accounts from these naval voyages, or from exploring expeditions traveling on board the company's ships, such as John Franklin's expedition in 1819, tend to provide much more detail of these encounters than is available from the logs of the HBC vessels, and there seems little doubt that the conduct of the trade had changed (Chappell, 1817;Franklin, 1823;Parry, 1824;Lyon, 1824Lyon, , 1825. Although Parry (1824) reports that in 1821 the Inuit had brought seal and whale blubber, whalebone, sealskins, caribou hides, bear, fox and dog pelts, as well as spears and lances to trade, Chappell (1817) was of the view that this trade was really insignificant noting that the HBC ships "do not procure much oil or whalebone from the Esquimaux" (Chappell, 1817:69).…”

Section: Descriptions Of the Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published accounts from these naval voyages, or from exploring expeditions traveling on board the company's ships, such as John Franklin's expedition in 1819, tend to provide much more detail of these encounters than is available from the logs of the HBC vessels, and there seems little doubt that the conduct of the trade had changed (Chappell, 1817;Franklin, 1823;Parry, 1824;Lyon, 1824Lyon, , 1825. Although Parry (1824) reports that in 1821 the Inuit had brought seal and whale blubber, whalebone, sealskins, caribou hides, bear, fox and dog pelts, as well as spears and lances to trade, Chappell (1817) was of the view that this trade was really insignificant noting that the HBC ships "do not procure much oil or whalebone from the Esquimaux" (Chappell, 1817:69). Ross (1975:27) has analyzed the trade involved in 16 encounters between HBC ships and the Inuit of the Savage Islands area from 1850 to 1870; he reports that 3 such encounters resulted in no trade, 2 in only a small amount, 9 in an indefinite amount, and only 2 in meaningful quantities of Inuit products, e.g., fox pelts and walrus tusks.…”

Section: Descriptions Of the Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

The Eighteenth Century Trade between the Ships of the Hudson's Bay Company and the Hudson Strait Inuit

Barr¹

1994

From an early stage in the history of the Hudson's Bay Company, the captains of the company's ships annually received specific instructions to make contact and trade with the Inuit of southern Baffin Island in the vicinity of the Upper and Middle Savage Islands in Hudson Strait during their annual voyages from London to the posts in Hudson Bay. Documents for a 20 year period in the mid-eighteenth century reveal that a wide range of trade goods, primarily tools and hunting weapons, was provided to each captain for this purpose. A comparison of the volume of trade goods with the probable number of Inuit involved in this trade suggests that the goods were probably thereafter disseminated through inter-group trade throughout a wide area of the Canadian Arctic. Baleen from the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) represented an important item being traded by the Inuit in return, at least from 1737 until the end of the century. For the period 1737-1778 the average amount of baleen traded by the Inuit of southern Baffin Island was 1237 lb (559.7 kg), i.e., approximately the amount of baleen produced by an average adult bowhead whale. For this period the baleen from this source represented 78% of all the baleen handled by the Hudson's Bay Company. The records of the Hudson Strait trade thus provide some indication of the minimum numbers of bowheads being taken annually by the Inuit of the north shore of Hudson Strait in the eighteenth century and the amount of hunting effort being devoted to whaling.

“…The Melville Peninsula is one of the few remaining areas of the Canadian Arctic that has not been the subject of an intensive faunal investigation. This is particularly surprising because the peninsula was one of the first arctic regions visited by white explorers (Parry, 1824). It is also part of a relatively restricted area of mainland in the High Arctic (Bliss, 1977:3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only published accounts on the birds of this region are included in Parry's narrative of his second voyage in search of a Northwest Passage (Parry, 1824), in a report on the Fifth Thule Expedition of 1921-24 (Hdrring, 1937, in a posthumously published account of the British Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1936-37 (Bray, 1943), and in a paper on the birds of Foxe Basin, based on observations made during Fisheries Research Board surveys in 1955-1957(Ellis and Evans, 1960. Parry and his crew made casual natural history observations in the vicinity of Igloolik, Quilliam Creek and Fury and Hecla Strait, along the northeast shore of the peninsula, during the winters of 182 1-23.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birds of Sarcpa Lake, Melville Peninsula, Northwest Territories: Breeding Phenologies, Densities and Biogeography

Montgomerie¹,

Cartar²,

McLaughlin³

et al. 1983

Forty species of birds were observed during field studies at Sarcpa Lake, Melville Peninsula, N.W.T. during the summers of 1981 and 1982. Evidence of breeding was found for 22 species and the first definite breeding records for the Melville Peninsula were obtained for Glaucous Gull, Pectoral Sandpiper and Semipalmated Sandpiper. A hybrid pair of gulls (Glaucous X Herring Gull) also nested and this appears to be the first definite North American record of such a hybrid nesting. Fourteen additional breeding s p i e s expected to be present, based on maps in Godfrey (1966), were not found. Average breeding bird density (35 pr.km-*) was comparable to that on Bylot Island, but considerably higher than that measured at other High Arctic sites. Neither average breeding bird densities nor phenologies changed appreciably from year to year despite a late spring melt in 1982. In both years birds began their breeding activities as mon as suitable nesting and feeding habitat became available. A biogeographic analysis based on the Occurrence of breeding birds at 25 other sites across the Canadian Arctic indicates that the avifauna at Sarcpa Lake is more similar to those of High Arctic island sites than to those of mainland sites, but includes none of the species whose ranges are mainly within the Arctic Archipelago.