Joint effects of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb on the terrestrial isopodPorcellionides pruinosus: A multiple biomarker approach

Abstract

The exposure to pesticides by nontarget soil biota has long been regarded as a serious downside of modern agricultural regimes and the subject of heated debate. Of utmost relevance is the exposure to pesticide mixtures because their effects have been shown to not necessarily reflect the individual toxicity of their components, and even the simple addition of effects may lead to consequences not clearly anticipated. In the present study, a multiple biomarker approach was employed to identify the mechanistic and time effects underlying several single and mixture treatments of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and mancozeb (MCZ) in juveniles and adults of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. The effects of the individual pesticides and the mixtures at recommended doses were mostly transitory under these controlled conditions and one-pulse exposure. Whereas imbalances were identified on detoxification and oxidative stress-related enzymes, the isopods generally showed the ability to recover through the end of the experiment. However, juveniles displayed greater vulnerability than adults. Most of the differences between life stages occurred in energy-related parameters where distinct performances and stress-handling behaviors were observed, suggesting higher metabolic costs to juveniles. Our results stress that understanding the time dependence of the underlying mechanisms governing the joint effects of the pesticides can help in assessing and anticipating the effects of the pesticide mixtures. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of taking life stage-related differences into consideration when evaluating the environmental risks of pesticides and pesticide mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1446-1457. © 2018 SETAC.

Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Terrestrial Invertebrates

“…In the work of Morgado et al [205], a multiple biomarker approach was used to infer on possible time-dependent mechanisms of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb mixtures in the terrestrial isopod P. pruinosus. At recommended doses for agriculture practices, isopods revealed impaired detoxification and oxidative stress-related enzymes, although with some ability to recover and with juveniles showing higher stress upon exposure than adults.…”

Single and combined effects of metal-based fungicides on Eisenia andrei in different scenarios of climatic change

“…Continuous exposure of nontarget soil fauna to pesticides is considered a disadvantage of recent agricultural advances. However, the connection between increased crop yield bene ts and pesticide use drawbacks has remained contentious (Morgado et al, 2018). Soils support a wide variety of biological life and provide a variety of ecosystem functions and services that enable terrestrial life to thrive, playing signi cant roles in supporting primary productivity and modulation of nutrient ows (Opute et al, 2022).…”

“…Current agricultural practises are highly optimised, with a heavy reliance on the use of a variety of agrochemical products, including fungicides. However, despite the reported effects of mixture toxicity, the complexity and speci c characteristics of the interaction of these chemical compounds remain a signi cant challenge for ecotoxicologists and risk assessors (Morgado et al, 2018).…”

Pesticide residues in EU soils and related risks

“…Most of the studies examining soil contamination by pesticide residues either performed no assessments or very similar assessments (Bhandari et al, 2021;Gunstone et al, 2021;Vašíčková et al, 2019). A few researchers performed ecotoxicological tests to attribute biological meaning to (some of) the environmental findings (Ernst et al, 2021;Kemmitt et al, 2015;Morgado et al, 2018).…”