Job Polarization in Europe

Goos, Maarten; Manning, Alan; Salomons, Anna

doi:10.1257/aer.99.2.58

Cited by 1,043 publications

(785 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Results are more contrasted for Britain, suggesting a pattern of 'polarized upgrading' with strong employment growth at the top of the occupational hierarchy, substantial losses in the middle and very slight growth at the bottom. Fourth, unlike Goos et al (2009), but consistent with Hurley and Fernández-Macías (2008), our analysis reveals important country differences: while the best-paid occupations expanded in all four countries, we do not find the patent cross-national similarities predicted by hypotheses based on pervasive technological change.…”

Section: Findings For the Pattern Of Occupational Change 1990-2008contrasting

(Expert classified)

“…If the quality of jobs is measured by occupations' average earnings, studies find a trend towards polarization that is weak in Germany (Dustmann et al, 2009) but relatively strong in Britain (Goos and Manning, 2007). Finally, two recent studies based on the European Labour Force Survey and thus covering many countries (although at the price of a somewhat rudimentary measure of occupations) diverge in their results: pervasive polarization (Goos et al, 2009) as opposed to large country differences with an underlying trend towards upgrading (Hurley and Fernández-Macías, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990-2008

Oesch

Menés

2010

Socio-Economic Review

191

112

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We analyse occupational change over the last two decades in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland: which jobs have been expanding-high-paid jobs, lowpaid jobs or both? Based on individual-level data, four hypotheses are examined: skill-biased technical change, routinization, skill supply evolution and wagesetting institutions. We find massive occupational upgrading which matches educational expansion: employment expanded most at the top of the occupational hierarchy, among managers and professionals. In parallel, intermediary occupations (clerks and production workers) declined relative to those at the bottom (interpersonal service workers). This U-shaped pattern of upgrading is consistent with the routinization hypothesis: technology seems a better substitute for average-paid clerical and manufacturing jobs than for low-end interpersonal service jobs. Yet country differences in low-paid services suggest that wage-setting institutions channel technological change into more or less polarized patterns of upgrading. Moreover, immigration surges in Britain and Spain seem decisive in having provided the low-skilled labour supply necessary to fill low-paid jobs.

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Section: Findings For the Pattern Of Occupational Change 1990-2008contrasting

(Expert classified)

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990-2008

Oesch

Menés

2010

Socio-Economic Review

191

112

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“…We are able to sort working-age citizens across Europe into "jobs"-defi ned as an occupation-sector combination. This follows the technique used in Goos, Manning and Salomons ( 2009 ) to measure changes in job "quality" by occupation-sector combination. Doing so permits us to move beyond accounts that identify solely occupation (Rehm 2011 ) or sector (Walter 2010 ) to be able to distinguish among diff erent types of workers within sectors, and among similar workers across sectors.…”

Section: P R O F E S S I O N S Y M P O S I U M : H I G H E R E D U Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatch: University Education and Labor Market Institutions

Ansell¹,

Gingrich²

2017

APSC

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“…Such rapidly growing occupations require spatial proximity to the populations and markets they serve and thus cluster around highly affluent populations and areas (Manning, 2004;Goos and Manning, 2007;Goos, Manning, and Salomons, 2009). The personalized nature of such low-skill service work reinforces the growth and co-location of high-skill and low-skill jobs in the same places, underpinning and reinforcing regional wage inequality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geography of Inequality: Difference and Determinants of Wage and Income Inequality across US Metros

2014

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Abstract:This paper examines the geographic variation in wage inequality and income inequality across US metropolitan. Our findings indicate that the two are quite different. Wage inequality is closely associated with skills, human capital, technology and metro size, in line with the literature, but these factors are only weakly associated with income inequality. Furthermore, wage inequality explains only 15 percent of income inequality across metros. Income inequality is more closely associated with unionization, race and poverty. We find no relationship between income inequality and average incomes and only a modest relationship between it and the percent of high-income households.

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Job Polarization in Europe

Cited by 1,043 publications

References 7 publications

Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990-2008

Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990-2008

Mismatch: University Education and Labor Market Institutions

The Geography of Inequality: Difference and Determinants of Wage and Income Inequality across US Metros

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