Jiang Tang Xiao Ke Granule Protects Hepatic Tissue of Diabetic Mice Through Modulation of Insulin and Ras Signaling – A Bioinformatics Analysis of MicroRNAs and mRNAs Network

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the impact of JTXK granule on the miRNA expression profiles in hepatic tissue of diabetic mice, and to explore the molecular targets and associated signaling pathways of JTXK granule in its anti-diabetic effect.Methods: Eight mice were randomly selected as normal group fed with chow diet. Then high fat diet was used to induce diabetic model, and the mice were subsequently divided into JTXK-treated group (J group, n = 6) and model group (M group, n = 6). After 8 weeks' intervention we examined the fasting blood glucose and observed the histopathologic changes in hepatic tissue between these two groups. Next we screened the differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups using microRNA sequencing analysis. Finally, miRNA target gene prediction, GO and KEGG analysis were applied to explore the function of DEMs. Results:The blood glucose level in J group was significantly lower than M group (P < 0.05). The results from H&E staining showed that the arrangement and structure of hepatocytes from J group were basically normal with fewer ballooning degeneration and less inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, a total of 33 significantly differentiated miRNAs were detected in comparison between the two groups (| log2(fold change) | >0.3, P < 0.05). MiRNA-mRNA analysis showed that mmu-miR-30a-5p, mmu-miR-23b-5p, mmu-miR-199a-5p, mmu-miR-425-5p, and mmu-miR-214-3p are closely related to inflammatory response, histological changes and insulin signal transduction in liver. In addition, KEGG analysis showed that the DEMs were closely related to Ras and insulin signaling pathway.Conclusion: JTXK granule exerts anti-diabetic effect in hepatic tissue of diabetic mice by modulating miRNAs and mRNAs network.

Detection of fibrotic changes in the progression of liver diseases by label‐free multiphoton imaging

“…The first part focuses on determining whether MPM can effectively identify the morphological differences between normal, fibrosis and cancer tissues. As shown in the first row of Figure 2, the hepatocytes in normal tissues arrange radially around the central vein, and the cords of hepatocytes keep regular arrangement as previously reported [20]. Hepatocytes are normal in shape with nuclei located in the center (yellow arrow in Figure 2A2).…”

Hsa_circ_0060450 Negatively Regulates Type I Interferon-Induced Inflammation by Serving as miR-199a-5p Sponge in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Lin et al demonstrated that miR-199a-5p is upregulated in pancreatic β cells in response to high glucose and promotes apoptosis and ROS generation in type 2 diabetes ( 38 ). In addition, a bioinformatics analysis showed that mmu-miR-199a-5p is closely related to inflammatory response, and insulin signal pathway in the liver of diabetic mice ( 39 ). SHP2 is a widely expressed SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase ( 40 ).…”

Protective Effect of Jiang Tang Xiao Ke Granules against Skeletal Muscle IR via Activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α Signaling Pathway

“…(Huanglian), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), and so on, is a classic formula from traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous studies have shown that JTXK granules exhibited an overt therapeutic effect in the management of diabetes through the improvement of glucolipid metabolism, protection of islet ßeta-cells, and inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in various organs and tissues [ 15 – 18 ]. There are studies supporting that the main active ingredients from this herbal formula, for example, berberine and ginsenoside Rb1, are capable of activating AMPK signaling [ 19 , 20 ].…”