Japanese subgingival microbiota in health vs disease and their roles in predicted functions associated with periodontitis

Ikeda, Eri; Shiba, Takahiko; Ikeda, Yuichi; Suda, Wataru; Nakasato, Akinori; Takeuchi, Yasuo; Azuma, Miyuki; Hattori, Masahira; Izumi, Yuichi

doi:10.1007/s10266-019-00452-4

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In fact, the majority (>50%) of species in the deeper pockets could be defined from families comprising known or suspected periodontal pathogens. This result is similar to those found by other investigators (47,48) where specific sites associated with severe periodontitis were characterized by an increased abundance of known pathogens. From the Kirst et al (20) study the authors concluded that subgingival microbial communities at diseased sites were more homogeneous than those at healthy sites suggesting a limited repertoire of species involved in disease progression.…”

Section: Opportunistic Polymicrobial Infectionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Nexus Between Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis

Dyke¹,

2020

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The nexus between periodontal inflammation and the polymicrobial biofilm in the gingival sulcus is critical to understanding the pathobiology of periodontitis. Both play a major role in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and each reinforces the other. However, this nexus is also at the center of a significant conundrum for periodontology. For all mucosal polymicrobial biofilms, the most confounding issue is the paradoxical relationship between inflammation, infection, and disease. Despite significant advances made in both periodontal microbiology and periodontal pathobiology, the issue of which comes first, the inflammatory response or the change to a dysbiotic subgingival microbiota, is still debated. In this paper, we present a model for the pathogenesis of periodontitis based on the central role of inflammation and how this modulates the polymicrobial biofilm within the context of the continuum of health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. We propose a new model termed "Inflammation-Mediated Polymicrobial-Emergence and Dysbiotic-Exacerbation" (IMPEDE), which is designed to integrate into and complement the 2017 World Workshop Classification of Periodontitis.

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Section: Opportunistic Polymicrobial Infectionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Nexus Between Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis

Dyke¹,

2020

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“…and Neisseria spp. were more abundant in subgingival plaque of periodontally healthy individuals compared to patients with periodontitis 49 – 52 . Apart from relative abundance, also the prevalence of Rothia and Neisseria is higher in healthy subgingival plaque compared to periodontitis samples 53 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome

Rosier

Buetas

Moya-Gonzálvez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (5-8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an ecological factor that can induce rapid changes in structure and function of polymicrobial communities, but the effects on the oral microbiota have not been clarified. To test this, saliva of 12 healthy donors was collected to grow in vitro biofilms with and without 6.5 mM nitrate. Samples were taken at 5 h (most nitrate reduced) and 9 h (all nitrate reduced) of biofilm formation for ammonium, lactate and pH measurements, as well as 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Nitrate did not affect biofilm growth significantly, but reduced lactate production, while increasing the observed ammonium production and pH (all p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of the oral health-associated nitrate-reducing genera Neisseria (3.1 ×) and Rothia (2.9 ×) were detected in the nitrate condition already after 5 h (both p < 0.01), while several caries-associated genera (Streptococcus, Veillonella and Oribacterium) and halitosis-and periodontitis-associated genera (Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 at 5 h and/or 9 h). In conclusion, the addition of nitrate to oral communities led to rapid modulation of microbiome composition and activity that could be beneficial for the host (i.e., increasing eubiosis or decreasing dysbiosis). Nitrate should thus be investigated as a potential prebiotic for oral health.

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“…Early studies using cloning and sequencing and Sanger sequencing techniques laid the foundation for an exciting phase of discovery in oral microbiology, as it relates to health and disease. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] The subsequent development of the next-generation sequencing technology allowed large-scale oral microbial surveys based on informative marker genes, such as 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] community gene inventories (metagenomics), [63][64][65][66][67][68] and functional analyses (metatranscriptomics) 60,[67][68][69][70] to be performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did Omics change periodontal therapy?

Feres

Retamal‐Valdes

Gonçalves

et al. 2020

Periodontology 2000

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The starting point for defining effective treatment protocols is a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of a condition. In periodontal diseases, this understanding has been hindered by a number of factors, such as the difficulty in differentiating primary pathogens from nonpathogens in complex biofilm structures. The introduction of DNA sequencing technologies, including taxonomic and functional analyses, has allowed the oral microbiome to be investigated in much greater breadth and depth. This article aims to compile the results of studies, using next‐generation sequencing techniques to evaluate the periodontal microbiome, in an attempt to determine how far the knowledge provided by these studies has brought us in terms of influencing the way we treat periodontitis. The taxonomic data provided, to date, by published association and elimination studies using next‐generation sequencing confirm previous knowledge on the role of classic periodontal pathogens in the pathobiology of disease and include new species/genera. Conversely, species and genera already considered as host‐compatible and others less explored were associated with periodontal health as their levels were elevated in healthy individuals and increased after therapy. Functional and transcriptomic analyses also demonstrated that periodontal biofilms are taxonomically diverse, functionally congruent, and highly cooperative. Very few interventional studies to date have examined the effects of treatment on the periodontal microbiome, and such studies are heterogeneous in terms of design, sample size, sampling method, treatment provided, and duration of follow‐up. Hence, it is still difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from them. Thus, although OMICS knowledge has not yet changed the way we treat patients in daily practice, the information provided by these studies opens new avenues for future research in this field. As new pathogens and beneficial species become identified, future randomized clinical trials could monitor these species/genera more comprehensively. In addition, the metatranscriptomic data, although still embryonic, suggest that the interplay between the host and the oral microbiome may be our best opportunity to implement personalized periodontal treatments. Therapeutic schemes targeting particular bacterial protein products in subjects with specific genetic profiles, for example, may be the futuristic view of enhanced periodontal therapy.

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Japanese subgingival microbiota in health vs disease and their roles in predicted functions associated with periodontitis

Cited by 45 publications

References 56 publications

The Nexus Between Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis

The Nexus Between Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis

Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome

Did Omics change periodontal therapy?

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