Issues and concerns in developing regulated markets for endangered species products: the case of rhinoceros horns

Collins, Alan; Fraser, Gavin; Snowball, Jen

doi:10.1093/cje/bev076

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While the individuals involved in the illegal rhino horn trade are heterogeneous, we assume that they are all profit-maximizers (see also 't Sas-Rolfes 2012, Collins et al 2016). The correlation between the increasing price of horn and the increase in the frequency of poaching (Hubschle 2016, Saayman & Saayman 2017) supports this assumption.…”

Section: Threat: Commercial Poachingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1) (Martin 2011, Ferreira et al 2014b, Collins et al 2016. These costs encompass investment in both labor (e.g.…”

Section: Financial Costs Of Rhinosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of anti-poaching security costs. Adapted from Collins et al (2016) logically sophisticated, and strategic (Lunstrum 2014) -which in turn has resulted in escalating risks and anti-poaching costs for private landowners. Besides trying to kill rhinos, poachers now carry a range of weapons meant for targeting anti-poaching units, including AK-47s and rocket grenades (Lunstrum 2014).…”

Section: Financial Costs Of Rhinosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although seeking heavier sentences in court may reduce the probability of a conviction in South Africa ('t Sas-Rolfes 2012), the greater problem seems to be that poaching-related arrests have not increased at the same rate as poaching incidents (Collins et al 2016). In addition, in 2015, 83% of the poachingrelated arrests in South Africa were not prosecuted (Verwoerd 2016).…”

Section: Increasing Enforcement Through Heavier Sentences Shoot-to-kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Legalizing horn trade would permit the sale of horns from dehorned rhinos and horn stockpiles that have been generated from natural deaths of rhinos on private and state lands (Ferreira et al 2014b). Several authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this potential conservation action in detail (see Martin 2011, 't Sas-Rolfes 2012, Biggs et al 2013, Ferreira et al 2014b, Collins et al 2016, and we will only summarize some of the main arguments.…”

Section: Legalizing Horn Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying a conceptual framework to rhinoceros conservation on private lands in South Africa

Rubino¹,

Pienaar²

2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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Although there is a large body of literature on rhinoceros ('rhino') conservation, a comprehensive analysis of the challenges inherent in rhino conservation is missing. In particular, the role of private landowners in rhino conservation has been insufficiently addressed, even though private landowners manage a third of the rhino population in South Africa. In this paper we apply a conceptual framework to the issue of rhino conservation on private lands in South Africa. The framework (1) visually illustrates the political and economic complexity of rhino conservation; (2) reveals how financial decision-making drives rhino conservation among private landowners; and (3) demonstrates how the costs that poaching imposes on private landowners (e.g. security costs) undermines their willingness to conserve rhinos on their land. We argue that current anti-poaching actions are insufficient to attain rhino conservation on private lands because these actions fail to address key components of the private landowners' decision-making process. New actions that incentivize rhino management and conservation on private lands are required. To safeguard their family, clients, employees and rhinos from armed poachers, landowners require access to improved, lower cost security systems and technologies. To offset the costs of rhino protection and management (including acquiring and managing sufficient habitat to support rhinos), landowners require a renewable income stream that is directly linked to rhino conservation. We consider how legal trade in rhino horn may attain this second objective.

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Section: Threat: Commercial Poachingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1) (Martin 2011, Ferreira et al 2014b, Collins et al 2016. These costs encompass investment in both labor (e.g.…”

Section: Financial Costs Of Rhinosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Financial Costs Of Rhinosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Enforcement Through Heavier Sentences Shoot-to-kmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Legalizing Horn Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying a conceptual framework to rhinoceros conservation on private lands in South Africa

Rubino¹,

Pienaar²

2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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Playing the CITES game: Lessons on global conservation governance from African megafauna

't Sas‐Rolfes,

Challender,

Wainwright

2024

Env Pol Gov

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Growing awareness and concern over environmental issues has been accompanied by a proliferation of international environmental agreements during the last half‐century. Among these, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), stands out as one of the oldest and strongest influences on global biodiversity conservation policy. However, the effectiveness of CITES has been questioned—for various reasons and from various quarters—with a range of differing opinions. To provide further insight on this issue we drew from and built upon recent advances in the environmental governance literature to develop an approach to analysing how the CITES‐centred wildlife trading regime influences actor behaviour. After developing a rule‐categorised framework to analyse the structure of the treaty, we conducted dynamic analysis of actor behaviour using case study material on CITES‐listed African megafauna species (elephants, rhinoceroses, and lions), examining recent developments over a five‐year period (2016–2020). Drawing on this material, we further applied institutional diagnostics to gain insight into the conservation effectiveness of the CITES regime. Our analysis of these case studies suggests that CITES can be gamed by special interest groups and that its institutional design facilitates the evolution of an international prohibition regime. Our research produces novel insights into the operation of this process and raises concerns about consequences for African biodiversity conservation. We conclude with recommendations for wildlife trade policy reform and further research.

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On the judicial annulment of the ‘domestic’ trade moratorium in South African rhinoceros horn: a law and economics perspective

2020

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The legalization of rhino horn 'domestic' trade in South Africa potentially unleashes market forces featuring new entry, new tastes and new rhino horn products. This risks escalating the rhino-poaching crisis further. It is argued that institutional contradictions have been engendered by the South African High Court ruling in Kruger and another v Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs and others [2015] JOL 34725, whose assumptions are shown to be highly restrictive and seemingly poorly informed about the true nature of demand for rhino horn and the dynamics of poaching. The shortcoming in the legal decision-making pertains to not taking account of the absence of any evidence for the existence of domestic demand for rhino horns in South Africa. The key arguments presented herein align with support for the reinstitution of the rhino horn trade moratorium, as well as administrative measures implemented effectively to contain the poaching crisis.

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Issues and concerns in developing regulated markets for endangered species products: the case of rhinoceros horns

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Applying a conceptual framework to rhinoceros conservation on private lands in South Africa

Applying a conceptual framework to rhinoceros conservation on private lands in South Africa

Playing the CITES game: Lessons on global conservation governance from African megafauna

On the judicial annulment of the ‘domestic’ trade moratorium in South African rhinoceros horn: a law and economics perspective

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