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Johnston, Hamish; White, T.; Li, B. A.; Ramakrishnan, E.; Winger, J. A.; Rowland, Douglas J.; Hurst, B.; Gimeno‐Nogues, F.; O’Kelly, D.; Lui, Y.‐W.; Yennello, S. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.56.1972

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The isotopic composition of fragments emitted from the residues in these low energy reactions after about 300 fm/c would therefore essentially reflect the (N/Z) cs ratio of the initial composite system, and there is little forward-backward asymmetry. These features are in good agreement with those found in the data at E beam /A =25 and 35 MeV [425,510,511].…”

Section: Transition From Isospin Equilibrium At Low Energies To Transsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In Ref. [511], similar results are also shown for other isotope ratios. Moreover, data at very forward and backward angles show that the isotope ratios do not simply depend on (N/Z) cs .…”

Section: Transition From Isospin Equilibrium At Low Energies To Transsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Recent experimental studies [425,510,511] of the isotopic composition of intermediate mass fragments (IMF) and their angular distributions in heavy ion collisions have also shown that only at low energies (∼ 30 MeV/nucleon) is isospin equilibrium reached before fragment emission.…”

Section: Transition From Isospin Equilibrium At Low Energies To Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several early experiments by Yennello et al [23,425,510,511] both isotopic and isobaric ratios of intermediate mass fragments from central collisions of 40 Cl, 40 Ar and 40 Ca with 58 Fe and 58 Ni have been studied. A consistent picture appears from the different analyses of these data.…”

Section: Transition From Isospin Equilibrium At Low Energies To Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapidity and angular distributions of the isospin tracers measure directly the isospin transport in reactions especially below the pion production threshold. These observables were previously used also to study the momentum stopping power and the nucleon translucency [23,[424][425][426][427][428][429][430] in heavy-ion collisions, see, e.g., Ref. [2] for an earlier review.…”

Section: The Backward Neutron/proton Ratio As a Measure Of The Isospimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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The ultimate goal of studying isospin physics via heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich, stable and/or radioactive nuclei is to explore the isospin dependence of in-medium nuclear effective interactions and the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter, particularly the isospin-dependent term in the equation of state, i.e., the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Because of its great importance for understanding many phenomena in both nuclear physics and astrophysics, the study of the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy has been the main focus of the intermediate-energy heavy-ion physics community during the last decade, and significant progress has been achieved both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, a number of phenomena or observables have been identified as sensitive probes to the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these interesting isospin-dependent effects and allowed us to constrain relatively stringently the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. The impacts of this constrained density dependence of the symmetry energy on the properties of neutron stars have also been studied, and they were found to be very useful for the astrophysical community. With new opportunities provided by the various radioactive beam facilities being constructed around the world, the study of isospin physics is expected to remain one of the forefront research areas in nuclear physics. In this report, we review the major progress achieved during the last decade in isospin physics with heavy ion reactions and discuss future challenges to the most important issues in this field.Key words: Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter, Nuclear symmetry energy, Heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich nuclei, Neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei, Neutron stars Constraining the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei using terrestrial nuclear laboratory data 216 8

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Section: Transition From Isospin Equilibrium At Low Energies To Transsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In Ref. [511], similar results are also shown for other isotope ratios. Moreover, data at very forward and backward angles show that the isotope ratios do not simply depend on (N/Z) cs .…”

Section: Transition From Isospin Equilibrium At Low Energies To Transsupporting

confidence: 74%